Costs of Production at San Juan Cell Phones

Costs of production at San Juan Cell Phones This is clearly a challenge for Lisa. If Lisa decides to take the order she will have the opportunity to run the factory to capacity over the next three months and fulfill a Company Value by keeping employees working, in addition, she will have a bonus check on her pocket. This will be the optimal decision if the factory had excess capacity of 100,000 and Big Box asking price remains $20 per unit. Let’s say Lisa decides to use the Beta Model Line to make the additional 30,000 units, since we are short on information let’s assume that because of the production line change the factory will be 30,000 short on Beta Models. Based on table 1 (Unit Profitability Report) and if units are sold accordingly then San Juan Cell Phones will generate a profit of $90,000 by manufacturing and selling the Alpha model vs. 240,000 profit generated by manufacturing and selling the Beta model. San Juan Cell Phones will risk $150,000 in profit with the production line change alternative. If the company decides to honor the asking price then San Juan Cell Phones will generate losses. If phones are sold at $15 each and variable cost per unit remains same based on table 1 (Unit Profitability Report) then the company will lose $2 per unit making it a $200,000 or a $140,000 deficit. Variable cost will have to decrease $2+ in order to gain some profit. Another alternative will be to hire the OEM to manufacture the entire order. This alternative will be the most profitable one with a $100,000 profit gain without literary doing anything. Mrs. Norman needs to realize that gains may not be always in the shape of money and that she needs to comply with company values in order to maintain integrity which is very important in business today. It is clear that a deal with a major chain like Big Box will bring a good advertisement for the company which eventually will bring more buyers and that will bring more profit to the company, so no matter what happens the company will benefit from this order if production is handled correctly. Keeping that in mind, ordering the OEM to manufacture the entire order is the most attractive option in terms of money but will not run the factory at capacity and will not keep the employees working which is one of the company’s values. In my opinion there is a happy medium to the situation that could bring some profit will keep the employees working and will comply with the order in time. Dividing the production between San Juan Cell Phones and the OEM will fulfilled most of Mrs. Norman needs. Buy hiring the OEM to manufacture 2/3 of the order will make it even with profit of the OEM deal paying for the losses made by producing the Alpha models within the company’s facility and selling it at the requested price ($14). Since profits were good and cost control met standards this will be an alternative to Lisa because production will increase 33,334 units decreasing the excess capacity to 36,667. In other words factory will be producing closer to its capacity, will keep employees working and will provide the costumers a quality product on time. If Lisa wants to gain profit from the deal then she needs to decide how many more units the OEM needs to manufacture with little impact on factory productivity, employment and of course her bonus.

Relationship analysis of the Baroque and Romantic Art Movements Essay

Baroque art movement started in the 17th century extending to early 18th century and led to the Rococo, Neoclassical and then to Romanticism art movement. The styles of Baroque period began in Rome, Italy and later spread to most parts of Europe. Romanticism movement began in Europe in the late 18th century and extended to mid-19th century leading to Realism art Period. The name Baroque is believed to have originated from the word â€Å"Baroco† that means irregular pearl though the art Period doesn’t translate to the PEARL, but the irregularity of the Baroque styles deviating from the preceding art periods (â€Å"Baroque,† 2014). The Baroque period was characterized by elaborate and extravagant use of ornaments, color and emotion. Religion was a significant component of this art period, and the methodology was advanced by the Catholic Church in response to counteract the reformation of Protestantism. Various disciplines like music, sculptures, and paintings incorporated religious zeal drawing themes from biblical stories (â€Å"Baroque Art,† 2014). The Baroque â€Å"irregularity† style was also manifested in music by relying on convoluted harmonies and spontaneous improvisation. Many of the music compositions from this period celebrated God and religion (â€Å"Movements in the Humanities: Baroque & Neoclassicism,† 2014). The name â€Å"Romanticism† to describe the art period does not directly translate to its root word â€Å"Romance† in association with â€Å"love† but instead meant the idealization/glorification of complex subjects. The Romanticism art movement augmented ordinary events into extraordinary. Romanticism movement is almost impossible to define concisely since it focused on the glorification of mystical convoluted subject matters like heroism, liberty, survival, despair and feelings that appeal to humanism but yet very subje ctive. This period focused on nature, emotional appeal and imagination versus the scientific systems, creativity and novelty versus classical/conventional rules and self-expression versus traditional religious concepts which ultimately led to Protestantism (â€Å"Movements in the Humanities: Romanticism, Realism, Modernism,† 2014). Music, sculptures and paintings from this century stressed emotion, passion and exotic settings with dramatic actions, focusing mainly on heroic and political matters. Artists used intense colors and loose brush strokes to exhibit mood and majestic expression, all geared  to exude a load of emotion. There were similarities between the Baroque and Romantic art periods that cut across a wide array of disciplines including architecture and painting aesthetics. Both movements used arches in their architecture as seen in the Baroque â€Å"Hall of Mirror† and in the Romantic â€Å"Crystal Palace.† Artists from both movements used variation of light and shade to create emotion as seen in Romantic painting â€Å"Wanderer above the sea of fog† by Casper David Fredrick, 1818 (Friedrich, 1818) and to create volume in Baroque painting â€Å"The night Watch† by Rembrandt Van Rijin, 1642. Though both movements used color contrasts of light and shade as mentioned, the Baroque artists utilized this style more whereas the Romantics utilized intense colors and loose brush strokes more (â€Å"Romanticism,† 2014). There was also a feeling of movement and energy displayed in paintings from the Baroque â€Å"Rape of the Sabine Women† (â€Å"Nicolas Poussin | The Rape of the Sabine Women (1637-1638) | Artsy,† n.d.) and the Romantic â€Å"Raft of the Medusa† (â€Å"Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault | The Raft of the Medusa (1818-1819) | Artsy,† n.d.) Themes of the two paintings mentioned above were dramatic and dream-like, both expressing subjects of desp air drawn from the concept of social aspects that were present in both the Baroque and the Romantic art movements. The Baroque and Romantic art periods were also explicitly different on many levels. The Baroque era reigned during the Catholic Church counter-reformation. Styles and characteristics of this period focused on depicting religion and heavily utilized biblical themes. On the other hand, the Romantic era was in the center of the revolt against Catholicism and classical orthodox elements. Styles and characteristics of this age mainly focused on individual uniqueness and self-expression. The sculpture of David finished in 1624 is an example of the Baroque’s â€Å"all things† religious and â€Å"Liberty leading the people† by Victor Delacroix is symbolic of liberty and heroism, which were significant components of the Romantic era. The use of ovals and circles in the Baroque architecture exhibited some of the other differences between these periods with a perfect example of St Peter’s Basilica completed in 1626, in contrast to sharp lines used in the Romantic Pal ais Garnier Opera House completed in 1875. Another bold difference between the two art movements was the use of extravagant ornaments and variety of materials. The Baroque’s â€Å"Hall of Mirrors† is a good example where mirrors, bronze and crystal chandeliers were used to achieve a sense  of grandeur compared to the Romantic â€Å"Crystal Palace.† This architecture was a simpler design built entirely with glass, a perfect example of originality that was a fundamental characteristic of the era (Comparison of Baroque and Romantic Era Art, 2013). Romanticism had enduring impact on the styles and characteristics of the art movements that followed. Artists today still revere nature as displayed in a 21st century piece, â€Å"potential utopias† by Nils-Udo with characteristics of movement and mystical illusion (Mok, 2009). Another lasting impact of Romanticism is the heroic and iconic characteristics displayed in the sculptures of the era. A good example is the â€Å"The statue of Liberty† dedicated on 1886 with a broken chain on the feet. This mood reflected in the â€Å"US marine Corps Iwo Jima Memorial† sculpture designed by Felix De Weldon in 1945, both perfect examples of an embodiment of Freedom. Art movements following the Romanticism period emulated the component of originality/creativity and individual expression to show skill. Realism like the previous period Romanticism was also a revolt spurred by the unsettling politics and social issues of the era. Both these eras following each other focused on the effects of nature to the society with a focus on injustice to the marginalized class. There were vast, and conspicuous social status differences as a result of the new economic era at the time. The era following the Romantic movement sprung a formidable cynic attitude defined by people who didn’t believe in the abstract style but instead viewed their world through the prism of realism. In conclusion, the Romanticism revolt against the classical conventional notion of the Baroque movement repeated itself as Realism concepts rose against the Romantics idealization characteristics. All the mentioned art movements contributed to the advent of each succeeding period as they transitioned from one art movement to another. Reference list Baroque. (2014, September 4). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baroque&oldid=624175230 Baroque Art. (2014). Mindedge Inc. Retrieved from http://wgu.mindedgeonline.com/content.php?cid=19779 Comparison of Baroque and Romantic Era Art. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSAW5CHFXQM&feature=youtube_gdata_player Friedrich, C. (1818). Wanderer above the Sea of Fog. Retrieved from http://cdn2-d.mindedgeonline.com/460/468px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_032.jpg Mok, K. (2009, February 18). Top 5 Environmental Artists Shaking Up the Art World. Retrieved September 5, 2014, from http://www.treehugger.com/culture/top-5-environmental-artists-shaking-up-the-art-world.html Movements in the Humanities: Baroque & Neoclassicism. (2014). Mindedge Inc. Retrieved from http://wgu.mindedgeonline.com/content.php?cid=21187 Movements in the Humanities: Romanticism, Realism, Modernism. (2014). Mindedge Inc. Retrieved from http://wgu.mindedgeonline.com/content.php?cid=21220 Nicolas Poussin | The Rape of the Sabine Women (1637-1638) | Artsy. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2014, from https://artsy.net/artwork/nicolas-poussin-the-rape-of-the-sabine-women Romanticism. (2014). Mindedge Inc. Retrieved from http://wgu.mindedgeonline.com/content.php?cid=19780 Thà ©odore Gà ©ricault | The Raft of the Medusa (1818-1819) | Artsy. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2014, from https://artsy.net/artwork/theodore-gericault-the-raft-of-the-medusa

Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry Essay Example for Free (#2)

Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry Essay Program (51) , Adidas (19) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Adidas manager is requiring me to create and design a training program which will improve and develop their graduate employee existing skills. This report is going to target to non-graduate or college student and giving them chances to join this training program. This program is going to help trainee do their function in sporting industry Adidas Aim They are trying to build the relationship with their employee via passion, diversity. Adidas may find an excellent balance between life and work of the employee and more than that they provide an essential need for their employee such as food, drink, work benefit to encourage them which will increase business productivity Adidas Human Resource Strategy Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry. At the moment Adidas are doing staff recruitment for their store which across all over the world and especially in the UK. In a past few year Adidas Human Resources Department decided to do Functional Training Program (FTP) in short- period time which giving opportunity for graduate student to get foundation and great educational qualification before for they start to become a functional professional career inside Adidas group also co-operate with internship and apprenticeships for non-graduate and student who want to work for Adidas company straight after school. We have developed on National Vocational Qualification that will contribute to the business and individual need. According to Olin and Tucker (1997) state that â€Å"National Vocational Qualification government and organisation figure out NVQ training program will develop specific profile of ability and basic knowledge of employee at any level which associated vocational area† NVQ training program focus on particular business industry or sector, it will help Adidas group to find the right employee for specific role in the sporting industry Demonstrate NVQ contribution to Adidas NVQ will also comfort organization or company decrease company cost, increase the competiveness and company productivity. Adidas group found putting resourcing in staff will change in work environment spirit and staff inspiration, much easier to recruitment staff and enhance communication in workplace. It will also make Adidas group look more professional and stand out compare to another business. In another way, NVQ are enabled to help Adidas proof to the world that business hired staff or employee has reach minimum standard quality. NVQ to individual needs NVQ programme provides the portfolio for learner or employee which help learner or employee able to learn-practical or work- the related task which helps them to develop their skills and knowledge to do a job more effectively. National Vocational training program intended to develop employee existing skills and that will improve business performance, NVQ is going to evaluate the staff able to carry out their job as indicated a set of rule in an organization, which rely on work performance. Adidas can adapt NVQ training program to improve their standard via examination. Main body NVQ training program overall design 164465275336000It has a variety of ways to get NVQ: succeeding a normal training program, blend of casual and informal or starting to have a learning approaches or just based on the past capability. NVQ framework are design to testing learner capacities in the working environment. To achieve a NVQs qualification the employee or learner have to demonstrate that there can do certain task which related to the roles or area that they apply to the company or business. NVQs training program are going to do the evaluation in a blend of courses by portfolios are going to confirm and proof that what you have done in training program and perception, an assessor will check and may give reference to the company that you can do the task that related to the business. Following by Malcom (1996) â€Å"NVQs framework system made as capability are created, course are movement and exchange are distinguished. Framework task is to provide a reasonable sorting for NVQs and facilities delivery and progres sion both external and internal of competence† NVQ are design for adult and young people who want to improve their skills to increase their work performance which will lead to build up business productivity. NVQ are set level for the learner from level 1 to level 5, in lowest level are going to aim at company operation and highest level for manager position. NVQ are suitable for people are working are in college and having a part- time job are at school are fulfilled apprenticeship NVQs training program delivery strategy Focus on employee and trainee ought to acclimate themselves with structure, substance and evaluation requirement of certificate previously planning a training program course NVQs training program is delivery to any trainee or learner in many ways which Meets the learner and trainee need and capabilities Pleased acquired qualification NVQs is going to provide to learner and trainee the other skills that not a part of the qualification but will help them improve the existing skills Literacy / language / numeracy Critical thinking and personal learning Individual and social advancement Employability Where pertinent, this could include empowering the possibility to get to applicable capabilities covering these abilities. 1651004191000 With these detail in overall design and delivery training of NVQs. This program will bring benefit to the Adidas group. This will include manage time to teaching so not spend much time or little time on teaching. If too much teaching due to costly and the material which delivery to training or learner can be confusing. Spend little time on training will not improve and maximise trainee skills. More over this training program is classify trainee or student what their aim in training and link back to business role they apply for. In addition, NVQs training program is measuring the employee and trainee by knowledge, attitude and skills. It’s going to be connect between organisation and employee. Moreover, Jim and Roger (2009) suggested that â€Å"Training program is providing individual chance to perform their task more effectively and it will help an organisation get the current target† Finally, NVQs training program may bring benefit to learner and Adidas group by motiva ting, group or personal to inspect current implementations and working environment. NVQs material and exercise support NVQs objective NVQs are cooperate with many practical organisations to become a leader in development skills. They are doing services to training suppliers, employers and learner over an assortment of sector to satisfy the need in workplaces. NVQs certificate or capabilities are estimated by employers all over the world, helping people to build up their talented and capacities for profession career. NVQ Training plan The NVQs is aiming to the employee of Adidas who contributes to the work performed. As, Mayo (2000) â€Å"training plan may have added by Human Resource Department purpose, weigh into the advantages of an individual group in particular organization†. It is including Personal skills: Knowledge/ skill/experience, ability to do the task and what employee will convey to the work from the other part of their social life Personal motivation: desire, goal, work inspiration. Workplace environment: The background of the business, personal respect, free to renovate. Teamwork efficiency: having a same objective and values, helpfulness, communal respect Essential material need in NVQs Assessment and homework to consider becoming the important material in NVQs. It gives speedy and basic methods for checking employee has the right stuff and abilities to work in an exchange. The specialist gets his or her NVQ Level 2 or 3 by a mix of evaluation and works environment preparing, during which time they give confirm they meet the NVQs requirement. Other material, may aid to the learner or trainee to achieve NVQs qualification such as the computer, pen, folder, tablet, video or textbook Example practical organization NVQs is co-operated with City NVQs Logistic Delivery Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry. (2018, Apr 24).

Can freedom of speech guaranteed by 1st Amendment be lawfully and Essay

Can freedom of speech guaranteed by 1st Amendment be lawfully and soundly used to advocate abolishment of 1st Amendment - Essay Example Even advocating illegal acts is legal. Therefore, if we can use our freedom of speech to, for example, control someone with our lies, or to impose our personal convictions to others, there is no reason why we could not use that same freedom to advocate its own abolishment. Every single individual has the right to express their opinion. Although, sometimes not entirely. In some cases an individual may not be allowed to fully express his right of free speech because it may lead to criminal actions or have a bad effect on the society. This way of prevention is called censorship and it is a crucial symptom of collectivism. Furthermore, if everything gets under the control of the government (gets nationalized), it will mark the end of free speech. No matter how offensive its content is, freedom of speech is protected by the first Amendment and it is believed that academic freedom is a â€Å"bedrock of education in a free society†, furthermore, it cannot be denied, unless the speaker breaks the rules of the first Amendment that forbid the use of fighting words (which are not essential part of exposition of ideas and are likely to provoke a person to take revenge). Everyone has a right to express themselves freely, as long as they respect the few of restrictions of the first Amendment. Using that right, we can lawfully speak about almost anything. And, yes, we can use that right to speak against the first Amendment without doing anything that is illegal. But the fact that we have the legal right to speak against the first Amendment does not mean that anyone has to hear about it. â€Å"Free speech does not require anyone to listen.† But who would want to limit or completely abolish his rights? Theoretically, freedom of speech can be lawfully used to advocate abolishment of the first Amendment, but there are not many people who would agree that it would be a good thing to abolish it, and, without the support of the listeners, the one who advocates the

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Corporal Essay

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Corporal Punishment - Essay Example Despite significant support for such broad generalizations, many questions remain regarding relations among SES, parenting, and child growth. The expressions physical punishment and corporal punishment are employed here as synonyms to refer to an action by parents intended to cause the child physical hurting, but not injury, for purposes of correction or control of misconduct. The 1975 and 1985 National Family Violence Surveys discovered that about 95% of American parents use corporal punishment as just cleared. This is consistent with a large number of other studies (Straus, 1991) and with the faith that corporal punishment is used by parents with tots or young children. Public health advocates have described corporal punishment as "a form of interfamilial violence associated with short and long-term adverse mental health outcomes" (Stewart et al., 2000, p. 257). Corporal punishment in the United States presents a complex picture, with high but decreasing rates of general approval, and a population increasingly divided regarding its use (Straus & Mathur, 1994). The approval of corporal punishment in the United States decreased dramatically from 94% in 1978 to 68% in 1994 (Straus & Mathur, 1996). Whereas in 1978 there was almost universal approval in the United States for parents spanking children, regardless of demographic variables, by 1994 disagreements were evident, with greater approval noted among African Americans, Southerners, and those with fewer years of formal education (Straus & Mathur, 1996). Unfortunately, data concerning Latinos are limited. Frequently, Latinos are simply excluded from the sample or are miscoded as African American or White (Ortega, Guillean, & Najera, 1996). The actual use of corporal punishment in the United States is also decreasing (Dart & Gelles, 1992; Straus, 1994). Even so, corporal punishment is still used widely, and Giles-Sims, Straus, and Sugarman (1995) have reported that "almost all children in the United States are spanked by their parents at some point in their lives" (p. 170). For parents to give up corporal punishment, they need to establish an effective alternative system of instruction and discipline. Research supports the notion that three kinds of parenting behaviors constitute such a system: those that promote the parent-child relationship, those that reinforce positive behaviors, and those that decrease undesired behaviors (Howard, 1996). Parents who resort to frequent or severe corporal punishment are likely to rely too much on punitive techniques, without using the other methods. They may underutilize other ways to gain compliance: through building their relationship with their children, reinforcing positive behaviors, and decreasing undesired behaviors through means other than punishment (e.g., distracting the child). Male gender, lower socioeconomic status, comorbid analysis of ADHD, positive parental history of mental illness

Accounting #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting #1 - Essay Example Cost accounting is correlated with managerial accounting work, since it is highly use in the preparation of managerial accounting work. The objectives of managerial accounting are to prepare information in order to optimize the firm’s value and production activity. The reports utilize in managerial accounting include comparing actual results with plans or benchmark prepared at the beginning of the accounting cycle. Other reports include indicators such as orders received, order backlog, capacity utilization, and sales (Garrison, et al., p.4). Some of the main functions of managerial accounting are planning, directing & motivating, controlling, evaluating year end results and closure of the planning and control cycle. Managerial accounting differs from financial accounting in the time scope. Financial accounting deals with historical events, while managerial accounting places emphasis on the future. Managerial accounting does not follow the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Moore & Jaedicke, 1972). The reports prepared by managerial accountants must be timely and relevant so that the users of this information can make decision based on what is occurring or the projection of what may occur. The main users of the work perform by managerial accountants are the executive management team of a company. Just-in-time inventory management is a philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and on continuous improvements of productivity (Ashland). In practical accounting terms what JIT does is minimize the amount of inventory on hand in order to improve the cash flow position of a firm. Companies order the exact amount of material needed for a production run and the reorder point occurs when the inventory runs out. Precision and timeliness is necessary so that the company does not run out of raw materials or inventory needed to continue to operate. The business world in the 21st century is very competitive and business owners can

Walnut Street Jail Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walnut Street Jail - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The Walnut Street Jail, especially the concept of penitentiary house, deeply influences the current prison system in US and proves to be effective (special reference to the concept of penitentiary house). Walnut Street Jail: A brief history The history of Walnut Street Jail begins in the year 1774, when the law enforcement authority decided to open a new jail. Earlier, there was another prison in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Street. As overcrowding was an important problem, the prison authorities decided to construct Walnut Street Jail. In addition, the designer (Robert Smith) decided to construct large rooms for the inmates. Robert Smith decided to construct the new jail in the form of U-shape because more inmates were to be accommodated within the limited space. Gradually, Walnut Street Jail became overcrowded and the prison authorities decided to construct a new cellblock, namely penitentiary house. As the cells in the penitentiary house aimed to accommodate indivi dual prisoners, it became a revolutionary change in prison design. This design, known as Pennsylvania System deeply influenced the construction of other prisons like Pittsburgh prison (1821) and Trenton State Prison (1836). Walnut Street Jail’s role in the development of US penitentiary system One can easily identify that the development of modern prison system is deeply rooted in the innovative measures adopted by the Walnut Street Jail authorities. First of all, the penitentiary house built by the Walnut Street Jail was the most important development within US penitentiary system. Earlier, the prisoners were accommodated in rooms with limited space. This created much tension because new inmates mingled with criminals who were undergoing long-term imprisonment. Moreover, the prison authorities considered managing the prisoners as a tiresome effort. The idea to accommodate the inmates into small cells was helpful to manage the inmates with more ease. In 1970s, the penitentiar y house within the Walnut Street Jail system was considered as an innovative measure to deal with the problems faced by the authorities and the prisoners in general. The vocational workshop was another effective measure adopted by the Walnut Street Jail authorities. Besides, the jail authorities gave less importance to punitive measures. When rehabilitation and penitence became more important than punishment, the other jails/prisons in US began to imitate the measures adopted by the Walnut Street Jail. This is most important because it transformed the scenario of prison system in US. In addition, the Walnut Street Jail paved the way for innovative prison designs like Pennsylvania System and Auburn Prison Scheme. Later, the Auburn Prison Scheme (say, labor during day time and isolation at night time) became more popular than other prison designs in US. So, one can see that Walnut Street Jail’s role in the development of US penitentiary system is utmost important. The key conce pts implemented at the Walnut Street Jail As pointed out, the most important concept implemented at the Walnut Street Jail was penitentiary house or separate cells for the inmates. Roth (2006) states that â€Å"Hence its reputation as the first penitentiary in the world and the first American adoption of the theory of solitary confinement as a major step on the road to repentance† (p.293). The separation of women inmates from men is another idea implemented at th

ROLE OF THE NURSE IN SUBSTANCE MISUSE Literature review

ROLE OF THE NURSE IN SUBSTANCE MISUSE - Literature review Example While education and health response should constantly be designed individually to suit the unique needs of patients, this is particularly vital to those who are experiencing substance misuse problems. This paper discusses the role of nurses in substance misuses and reflects on how this role can benefit clients/patients and can meet the demands of best practice guidelines and legislation challenges. Self-reported substance misuse in the UK indicates that roughly ten percent of adolescents and older adults use drugs yearly, and more than ninety percent drink consume alcohol (Straussner 2004). A few of these people experience working with primary care nurses. Individuals with substance misuse problems encounter a broad array of social care and health practitioners. Expectedly, several practitioners have recognised inadequacies in the education and training for treating substance misuse (Cann & De Belleroche 2002). All these issues are discussed here. Corresponding to the widespread enla rged demand for nursing services for patients with substance misuse issues, the role of the nurse has expanded remarkably in the recent decade. Nurses working with substance misusers work in diverse contexts with substance misusers, and have varied health care perceptions and strategies. According to Joel and Kelly (2002), their tasks involve assessing the needs of substance misusers, determining best possible treatment, counselling, and performing required treatment methods. Nursing Substance Misusers Several empirical findings show that the role of the nurse working with substance misusers can be especially nerve-racking and challenging (Wagner & Waldron 2001). This is primarily because of the growing demand for expert skills and knowledge in areas like counselling, assessment, promoting the participation of patients in the decision-making process, communication, organisational aspects like lack of support, education and training for staff, loss of financial assistance, and modifi cations in services (Sullivan 1995). The roles of the substance misuse nurse, as stated by Mike Bell (as cited in Newell 1998): (1) nurses interact personally with substance misusers; (2) nurses evaluate the patient’s needs and develop their strong points; (3) nurses operate within specific areas; (4) nurses are responsible for their own decisions and actions; and (5) nurses collaborate with one another to provide the best services to substance misusers. Florence Nightingale (1912) expressed the importance of the nurse’s role in his statement: I solemnly declare that I have seen or known of fatal accidents, such as suicides in delirium tremens, bleedings to death, dying patients dragged out of bed by drunken medical staff corps men and many other things less patent and striking, which would not have happened in London Civil Hospitals nursed by women (Nightingale 1912, 28). It is probable that there are differences in the expectations and role of substance misuse nurses all over the UK, relying on context and setting. For instance, health organisations may follow different guidelines; different groups in primary care may also differ in the extent of decision making entrusted to drug specialist nurses, concerning recommendation and treatment (Shaw 2002). The following sections discuss the professional and personal skills needed by substance misuse nurses to adequately fulfil their challenging roles and satisfy best practice

Tution Fee at American Unversty of Sharjah Essay

Tution Fee at American Unversty of Sharjah - Essay Example We wanted to understand the change in demand if there is an increase in the fee: how many students will still have a demand for it and how many students will not join. We also measured the elasticity of demand. We also wanted to find how the trends were among females and males, were they different or were they pretty much the same or they both were indifferent towards such changes. For this we have done an analytical research for which a questionnaire has been prepared consisting of 6 questions which are as follows: 1. Gender 2. Marital status 3. Living with family or away 4. Current tuition fees paid 5. Maximum fee they are willing to pay 6. Do they have scholarship, if yes then how much With this questionnaire we will assess the number of students who will join the college even if the fees increase. With this questionnaire we will be able to identify the demand among males and females and also amongst scholarship students. In the research we have hypothised that a small increase in the tuition fees of the students is not going to affect the students. This will help the people from the college authorities to understand the behavior of the students to the increase in the tuition fees. One of the main problems we might face is that there might be some errors which we might not be able to restrict. The interviewer might target some of the people whom he knows and not others whom he doesn’t know. On the part of the respondent they are affected by factors such as that when they know that they are being interviewed they might give a wrong answer. These things might affect our research but here such factors are assumed to be minimal and the information provided can be relied upon. THEORY AND IMPLICATIONS Demand and Supply analysis The demand and supply analysis is a powerful tool the can be applied to a wide variety of interesting problems. Such as: To understand how changing world economic conditions can affect market price and production or evaluating the im pact of government price controls, minimum wages, price control, price support etc. Here we will be using the demand and supply analysis to determine demand and supply changes in case the tuition fees changes. Elasticity Of demand It may be defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price. EP =% change in quantity / Percentage change in price Consumer Surplus Consumer surplus is defined as the difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a product and the price the consumer actually pays for the product. It is denoted by the area enclosed by the demand curve and the actual pay line. Here, consumer surplus can be seen as the number of students who would like to join the college after a hike in the tuition fee. Producer surplus Producer surplus is defined as the difference between the price at which the producer actually sells the product and the minimum price at which the producer is willing to sell the product. It is de noted by the area enclosed by the supply curve and the actual pay line. The graph showing the number of students okay with fees increase and students who wants a decrease shows the region under consumer surplus and producer surplus. Income effect Income Effect is the change observed in the consumption of quantity among two products (or group of products) with a change in the income of the consumer. The change is

TORTS CD 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TORTS CD 2 - Research Paper Example Later on the information of 2 witnesses, police started investigating and tracking the movement of Mr. Holden. According to the 1st witness said that Holden not ever finished selling marijuana later on his before reported arrest, and that he was then dealing both oxycodone and marijuana. The witness furnished extra information about Mr. Holden (Steele, 2012). According to another witness Mr. Holden kept on dealing marijuana, many pounds at particular time period. He further informed the task force about Mr. Holden that he recently dealt marijuana from his home. Later on task force track every movement of Mr. Holden for twenty days or more through the GPS system. In this case the superior court ruled the decision of lower court and passed a decision that the usage of GPS for tracking the movement of people without any warrant is against the right of privacy of people. Anonymous (2011). Delaware Court Rules Against GPS Motorist Tracking.  The Truths About Car. Retrieved  from

“Romeo and Juliet” and Act 4 Scene 1 of “Much Ado About Nothing” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and Act 4 Scene 1 of â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† Essay In this essay I will focus on the relationships between father and daughter in both Romeo and Juliet and also Much Ado About Nothing. As in both RJ and Much Ado both father and daughter were in a family conflict on the same debate of romance. I will focus on the 4 different aspects on about both of these plays such as the social and historical influences on display in the scene, the cultural historical traditions, the effects of character actors and finally the layers of meaning, idea’s and themes. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy as the two star crossed lovers die in order to for the Capulet’s and Montague’s reunite and put an end to being enemies towards each other. On the other hand Much Ado About Nothing is a romantic comedy, whilst this genre does generally contain a potentially disastrous conflict which threatens harm to the characters, the conflict is resolved by the end and all ends happily so this conflict is much more minor than the conflict in Romeo and Juliet. In both plays the girl’s conflict with their fathers comes as the central crisis point of the play Romeo and Juliet Act 3 Scene 5, Much Ado About Nothing Act 4 Scene 1. It is the key moment of crisis in each play after which they both head in very different directions. Lady Capulet proposes that her daughter has a â€Å"Careful father† which exposes things like how Lady Capulet expresses the feelings that she is supposedly to have towards her daughter and her husband. Instantly the audience senses that Lady Capulet may entirely be terrified of her husband although it isn’t actually shown in the play. Most parents ask their daughters/son to get to know the person who they could marry, however Lord Capulet demands that Juliet marries Paris and also if she disobeys her father’s orders than Lord Capulet would disown her. On the other hand Lord Capulet has gone behind his daughters wishes and consent by securing the marriage with Paris. Shakespeare doesn’t conclude this so he infests a seed into Juliet’s mind. Shakespeare does this by emphasising Lord Capulet’s reaction when Juliet disagrees to follow his rules. Juliet understands that both her parents are in this â€Å"deal† with Paris therefore this has to play in favour for her father. Juliet immediately introduces the idea that her father isn’t doing this for his daughters well being but he is only doing this for his own benefit. However â€Å"culturally† this is Lady Capulet’s job to make sure her daughter marries Paris, this is because she is the wife and also the mother of her 13 year old daughter. The audience comprehends that culturally and socially this would be outrageous for her to do so. Shakespeare cunningly makes Lady Capulet distant herself in such a way that nobody notices apart from the audience. This backs Juliet into a corner where she than decides what she has to do next. In this case she patently decides to fool everyone into thinking that she has died a horrible death.

Medieval and early modern Essay Example for Free

Medieval and early modern Essay The medieval and early modern periods were eras with distinctive issues and ideals. Some of their key themes were very similar, such as the importance of religion and the role it played in everyday life, while other matters were unique to their time, such as the medieval selling of indulgences, or the early modern Reformation of the Church. These examples illustrate clearly the mixture of change and stasis in the two ages, as a subject shared by both periods yielded so great a diversity of issues. The distinction of the eras makes it evident that some change did occur, but as the period of time between them was not very great, the change must be limited. Everyman and Dr Faustus are respectively medieval and early modern drama texts that share common issues. However, the way in which they handle them varies, and allows an exploration of whether the people and culture of the medieval and early modern period differed by slight degree or strict demarcation. The medieval age of English history is epitomised as a strongly religious time, where Christianity provided a strict identity and purpose in life. Belief in Heaven, Hell and Judgement was very real, as was the constant fear of sin and damnation. The Church was able to manipulate the devout faith of its followers by selling fake holy relics and religious indulgences. The laymen believed it was necessary for them to obtain such items in order to purify themselves of sin, and enter Heaven without suffering through Purgatory. Medieval drama did much to reinforce these beliefs, being completely liturgical. Morality plays were first performed at religious holidays, and warned audiences about sin and salvation, with personification of the psychomachia. They all shared a highly similar narrative structure as good and evil battled for the soul of an initially virtuous man who had become caught in vice. This person represented the whole of humanity, and the play would show how, despite temptat ion and with the help of Christian values, he realised his error and won salvation. By the early modern era, neither the faith in Christ nor in Judgement had diminished, but the understanding of them had altered. People became frustrated with the ecclesiastical despotism that was rife in the established Church, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the papal  organisation which, according to Erasmus, was felt to be dominated by ignorant monks. The subsequent Reformation changed the form and understanding of religion, making it more accessible to the average person by removing the intercessory functions of priests and bishops, and giving ordinary people more control over their spiritual state. This religious change also had political implications. The disestablishment of the Church created a degree of civil unrest among Catholic and Protestant groups, as factions sprang up with each viewing the other as traitorous, either to England or to God. However, this was not the only face of the early modern era. As the beginning of the Renaissance, it was also a tim e of heady intoxication withlearning anddiscovery. The exploits of the European sailors and the excitement over new civilisations are allegorised by Faustus discovery of magic and the power it wields. As a liturgical morality play, Everyman submits itself fully to the pre-Reformation teachings, and absorbs the conventional attitudes. It was written to encourage medieval audiences to avoid material pursuits, and to ensure they involved themselves in good deeds and were prepared for Judgement. Death was a constant escort in medieval England, and could be expected at any time. As such, Everyman does not convey fear of death itself, but rather of how God will judge man after it, as the protagonist proclaims Full unready I am such reckoning to give and begs for more time in which to make his counting-bookso clear That my reckoning I should not need to fear. To achieve this salvation, Everyman is advised to turn to the Catholic rites of confession and penance, and to scourge himself to remove his sins. As Cawley highlights in his introduction, morality plays were less interested in mans earthly life than in his spiritual welfare in the life to come. Religion is as prominent in Doctor Faustus, but Marlowe presents a contrasting attitude to that of Everyman. His play provides a mocking critique of religious customs, and particularly ridicules Catholic rituals. Marlowe dresses Mephostophilis in the habit of an old Franciscan friar, as Faustus comments That holy shape becomes a devil best, illustrating an air of contempt for the Catholic clergy. He further associates Catholicism with  evil and devilry as he conjures Mephostophilis by chanting in Latin, the language of the Catholic Church. This mockery of Catholicism may be testament to contemporary social attitudes rather than the personal view of Marlowe himself. In the medieval era, it was highly uncommon for anybody to speak out against the Church, either through fear or because it was all they knew, but the Reformation encouraged writers to criticise the papacy and the earlier Church, often as a form of public entertainment. Writers often allied Catholic characters with themes of idiocy or ineptitude, as Marlowe does in his portrayal of Pope Adrian as a humourless megalomaniac, voidof commonsense . Marlowe manipulated the public disdain of Catholicism to criticise established religion in general, challenging many commonly held views, especially regarding forgiveness and salvation. Everymans central theme suggests that Gods mercy always allows sinners to repent, regardless of how much wrong they have done. This belief is illustrated when, despite Death telling Everyman to Come hence, and not tarry, Everyman is able to go to Confession and purify himself from sin. Knowledge, Beauty, Strength, Discretion and the Five Wits are sent to accompany him to the grave, helping Everyman to realise Gods compassion. Good Deeds guide Everyman into the grave and beyond, providing protection and support when he needs it. In comparison, Faustus also finds that he is sent good forces to protect him from eternal damnation. Unfortunately, these forces are not strong enough to withstand Mephostophilis. The latters evil and cunning defeat nature itself, as he dissolves Faustus congealed blood with a chafer of unearthly fire to ensure Faustus bequeaths his soul to Lucifer. A Good Angel and a pious Old Man are also sent to rescue Faustus soul, but their efforts are overcome just as quickly, as the devils entice Faustus with hellish delights and overpower his weak soul. The Good Angel urges Faustus to leave that execrable art and turn to repentance, but each time Faustus considers prayer the Bad Angel dispirits him, dramatising the internal battles raging within the protagonists soul. Marlowe does not conclude that everyone can find redemption in God, as despite striving to turn to Him in his final moments, Faustus is torn apart by devils and condemned eternally. The playwright provides a cynical view of  salvation, as the Good Angel and the Old Man fail to save Faustus, despite seemingly plotting as much as Mephostophilis to win the protagonists soul. Marlowe provides further dubious similarity between the two sides, as in their last scene the angels appear to work almost as one, completing each others speeches and reinforcing the same message that it is too late for Faustus to repent. The play appears to be concerned with punishment rather than deliverance and salvation, as Faustus is warned that He who loves pleasure must for pleasure fall. In contrast, Everyman is forgiven for a lifetime of sin in his last few moments. Although both plays treat the same ideas of religion and redemption, they portray divergent views. This may be explained by the contemporary change in religious understanding. Some scholars argued that peoples destinies were predetermined, regardless of their actions, while others claimed there was hope for everybody. As Lester notes in his introduction, medieval writers believed that because of mankinds fallen state, man relied on the grace and salvation earned by Christ and ministered by the Church. In this respect, the distinction between medieval and early modern seems to be vast. However, the fact that both plays have handled the same issues, albeit in different ways, suggests that the difference is of degree rather than demarcation. As well as the religious elements, Doctor Faustus incorporates Renaissance themes of discovery and knowledge, as Faustus finds a world of profit and delight, of power, of honour, of omnipotence has opened to him. Fundamentally, it is a craving for ultimate knowledge that drives Faustus to necromancy, as he proclaims, A sound magician is a demi-god: here tire my brains to gain a deity! By integrating such humanist ideals into the play, Marlowe creates a dimensional personality for Faustus, which the audience can appreciate and respond to. They witness the development of the character, forcing them to become emotionally involved in the mental turmoil he endures, and keeping them engrossed until the very last line of the play. Professor Bradbrook suggests that Doctor Faustus is primarily an examination of the protagonists mental development, rather than simplythe form of Faustus fortunes. The rationale behind Faustus detailed growth is that it makes him a real person, with whose experie nces the audience can sympathise. Everymans character is not developed in the way his counterparts is. He is generic and seen as part of the wider universe rather than as an individual. The dramatist has been careful to portray Everyman as representative of mankind rather than as a character in his own right. He is not given a personal history nor is any indication provided that might differentiate him from anybody, with the effect of making Everyman relevant to all audience members. He personifies every man and the trials of every person. His example can be applied to anybody, and everybody can see that the salvation he reaches is available to them as well. In this manner, Everyman is as accessible to the audience as Faustus is, although in different ways and with variant purposes fulfilled. There are further similarities between the medieval and early modern plays, some of which have been adopted directly from the former. The use of allegorical and highly functional characters is prevalent in both plays, although it is not as common among other Renaissance texts. In Everyman, each character serves a distinct purpose, showing Everyman how he has misplaced his trust in worldly matters and must turn to Christian teachings for salvation. Fellowship and Kinship tempt Everyman astray by offering to distract him with feasting, drinking and women. Even material Beauty and Knowledge cannot help him, leaving Everyman to seek out Confession, Contrition and Good Deeds. Doctor Faustus is very much in keeping with this medieval attribute. Mephostophilis is the embodiment of temptation, as he distracts Faustus from repentance whenever he feels the protagonist waver, and later admits Twas I that, when thou wert I the way to heavenled thine eye. The Good Angel and Old Man are personifications of good, devout Christians who try to save Faustus. They too can be seen as tempters, as they try to win his soul. The two plays also share personification of the Seven Deadly Sins. Mephostophilis conjures them as a distraction for Faustus, allowing him to delight in the sins, while in Everyman the sins are allegorised in the behaviour of the protagonists dearest people and possessions, suggesting that Everyman has allowed the sins to master him. As well as thematic similarities, there are several production parallels between the medieval and early modern drama. However, these are veiled by  the immense changes that occurred on the stage in the intervening years. Before the Renaissance, plays were performed on and around large wagons, which were carted from one designated area to another. The set was very simple for transportation purposes, but this helped make it apprehendable for the common peasants. The staging was very different for Doctor Faustus, but some of the same ideas regarding spacing and costumes were used. The pageant-wagons had to make use of limited space, and used an upper room to serve as a balcony, heaven, or a distant location. In later theatre the same concept was utilised, with a single spot serving a multitude of functions. Costumes were also sparse, but symbolic props indicated particular roles and characters, another theatrical convention that early modern dramatists relied upon before professional actors were hired in the permanent theatres, and elaborate costumes and sets were made. The new theatres allowed more believable storylines to develop as settings and characters became more realistic, allowing the fiery devils of Doctor Faustus to achieve their optimum effect. However, there is one dramatic convention that is key to Doctor Faustus, which was not common in medieval works. Faustus soliloquies provide an insight to his character that cannot be gained in morality plays, and are actually symbolic of tragedies. While Everymans genre is made clear by its fully functional characters and its reliance on the protagonists generic nature, Marlowes play balances medieval aspects with contemporary humanist elements and manages to create a new genre that combines elements of morality and tragedy, creating an increasingly real persona. Faustus is distinguished from his medieval counterpart by his illustration of the psychology and passions that drive him. He concedes to his hubris and allows his ambition and lust for power to destroy him, something Everyman cannot do. The tragedy element is vital to Doctor Faustus as that is what gives it the memorable depth and allows the drama to move away from being a simple morality play. In conclusion, it is evident that despite their classification as two separate periods, the medieval and the early modern eras share many themes and issues. Their similarities are not limited to literal points, and  incorporate social and customary ones. The eras do have their differences, as is illustrated by their distinction and by their changing contemporary outlooks. Marlowes handling of the plays shared subjects differs from that of Everymans, as the former had a variant combination of social factors to draw his conclusions from. However, the time lapse between the two periods was not great enough to warrant a complete overhaul of thinking and customs. As Cookson realises, the traditions of the Middle Ages still weighed heavily over the early modern writers. At the point at which Doctor Faustus was composed, the difference between medieval and early modern was still of degree rather than strict demarcation. Bibliography  §Bradbrook,MC Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy 2nd Edition (Newcastle: Cambridge University Press, 1990)  §Cawley,AC (ed.) Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays (London: Everymans Library, 1967)  §Cookson,L Doctor Faustus (Hong Kong: Longman Group UK, 1987)  §Davies,T Humanism (New York: Routledge, 1997)  §Henderson,P Christopher Marlowe (London: Longmans, Green Co, 1966)  §Lester,GA (ed.) Three Late Medieval Morality Plays (London: Ernest Benn, 1981)

The Importance Of The Air We Breathe Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of The Air We Breathe Environmental Sciences Essay Almost all life on earth depends upon clean to function and survive. However, when the air we breathe in becomes polluted, we to become polluted. Polluted with harmful toxins, germs, viruses, etc. Some may wonder, Well, what exactly is air pollution? Air pollution is the presence in the air of one or more solid, liquid, or gaseous substances in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life and vegetation or disrupt the functioning of the environment (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007). This means that air pollution could be anything from car exhaust inhaled while behind an old station wagon in traffic, to a room filled with bleach fumes. These are just a few of the many ways our air can be poisoned. While this may seem like small potatoes to someone or be an issue that can wait, the numbers dont lie. The average person breathes in about 2,200 2,400 gals of air, in order to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide with 2,200 2,70 0 gals of blood. This requires processing (at the very least) 4,400 gallons of liquid gas daily for life (Gorman, 2006). Now think about 2,200 gals of polluted air going into the human body daily! All of a sudden the issue of air pollution seems a lot more important doesnt it? In fact air pollution not only effects our current generation but also the future generations as well. Since about 1995, the number of studies linking air pollutants to prenatal problems such as LBW, SGA, preterm birth and cardiac birth defects has grown rapidly (Ritz Wilhelm, 2008). This means if the amount of air pollution isnt drastically reduced right now, we could be staring down the barrel of terminally ill children straight out of the womb. However, air pollution issues wont stop there. One of air pollutions cohorts is currently running loose on the world. This cohort goes by the name of lung disease. Over the last couple of years, cases of lung disease have sharply risen in the United States and spre ad globally. Its become so prevalent, that it has already reached #3 on the top 10 list of killers in the U.S. Lung disease causes a whopping 1 out of every 7 deaths! When that number is tallied the actual number is very sad and disappointing. Millions upon millions of people are suffering because of this disease caused by air pollution. Not only is air pollution causing lives, its also costing out cash strapped economy a lot of money. Lung disease in the United States alone, cost the economy $81.6 billion dollars in direct health care cost every year, plus tack on indirect costs of $76.2 billion dollars, and youre staring down the barrel of a total of more than $157.8 billion dollars in expenses (Gorman, 2006). The story just seems to get sadder and sadder as time progresses. However, there is still hope if society can become properly educated about air pollution. This research paper will attempt to do just that. Sources of Air Pollution Air Pollution can be caused by simple everyday things ranging from car exhaust stoves, to more complicated things such as factory emissions. One by product of these method of pollution is referred to fine particle pollution. Fine particle air pollution consists of microscopic particles of dust soot that are about 30 xs smaller than the width of a single human hair! So what can a few particles of dust do to a full grown person? Turns out these little problems can cause major life altering illnesses. According to a four-year study in AORN journal, researcher found that minute increases in fine particle air pollution resulted in significantly increased hospital visits for heart and vascular disease, heart failure, pulmonary disease, etc (2006). Now this is just an example of what one source of air pollution can do to the human body. Lets look at more. Formaldehyde is a common source of air pollution. In fact formaldehyde has been such a nuisance to the clean air cause that the EPA deemed it a human carcinogen. Despite this finding from a very trusted source, it continues to be widely used in the manufacturing of construction materials, furniture, and can also be found in paneling, cabinets, walls, textiles, floors, etc. One cant help but notice the places that the places previously listed are inside the home! This means that dangerous toxins are all around us and could be polluting our air right now. If its not bad enough to think of living with a harmful substance-think about the possibility of wearing one. Formaldehyde is also key ingredient used to produce permanent-press clothing. All of these products can off gas slowly seep) formaldehyde, therefore deteriorating indoor air quality (Royal, 1998). This segways into another type of air pollution thats often ignored-indoor air pollution. In third world countries around the world gas or electric stoves arent readily available. Therefore the majority of the population uses wood burning stoves. How does a wood stove cause indoor air pollution one may ask. Well, wood smoke is actually far more dangerous than tobacco smoke in some cases. Tobacco smoke (another source of air pollution that will be discussed next) causes damage inside the body for roughly thirty seconds after it is introduced into the body. Wood smoke on the other hand can damage cells inside the body for twenty minutes. Thats almost forty times longer than tobacco smoke! (Henkle, Mandzuk, Emergy, Schrowe, Sevilla-Martir, 2010). However, tobacco smoke is by far a more common source of air pollution and perhaps the oldest. Oldest? Yes, people were lighting up long before Phillip Morris was founded. Everyone from ancient Indians to famous explorers lit up. Modern times are no different as it seems not one day can pass with someone seeing a smoker. Perhaps smokers would reconsider their habit if they knew what they were putting into their bodies and a the air. When smoked, the tobacco and additives in a cigarette undergo complex chemical processes to form smoke that contains more than four thousand chemicals. Forty-three constituents of tobacco smoke are known carcinogens including ammonia, formaldehyde, arsenic, hydrogen cyanide, etc (Cigarette Litter -Filters. n.d.). Thats four thousand chemicals getting into your lungs and the atmosphere. So as you can see from the previous few lines, cigarette smoke is a key player in the air pollution game. However, sadly with every cause thats been listed, there must be a n equal or more devastating effect. Health Effects of Breathing Polluted Air The real cost of air pollution cannot be measured until the health cost are factored in. Too much air pollution can make anyones life a living hell. Why? Well because substantial exposure to air pollution can have drastically negative effects on an individuals overall well being. For example if a person inhaled too much car exhaust, tobacco smoke, factory smoke, etc they would be at risk for the following ailments: Major lung diseases include chronic bronchitis, sarcoidosis, emphysema interstitial lung disease, asthma, and other types of COPD. There are more than twenty eight other classified lung diseases, including, lung cancer, necrotizing and other forms of pneumonia, pleural effusions, asbestosis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, and rheumatoid lung disease (Gorman, 2006). With such a long list of ailments attributed to air pollution its no wonder the Institute of Medicine suggest that indoor air pollutants may lead to the development of a variety of diseases and symptoms, including allergies, asthma, central nervous system effects, infection, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, mucosal irritation, inhalation fevers,,, psychological effects, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer (Barnes, Fisher, Postma, Harnish, Butterfield, Hill, 2010). Pregnancy may constitute a period of human development particularly susceptible to toxins contained in air pollution because of high cell proliferation, organ development and the changing capabilities of fetal metabolism (Ritz Wilhelm, 2008) For example, reports by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) estimated the contribution of environmental pollutants to the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and costs of four pediatric diseases in American children. Most increases in admissions occurred on the same day as the change in air pollution level, suggesting that there was a short time period between the change in air pollution and the physiological response of the participants (2006) The presence in the atmosphere of solid, gaseous or liquid substances emitted by natural sources or as a result of human activities (for example the use of solvents, paints, varnishes and fossil fuels) damages human health, animal life and vegetation, as well as the balance of the ecosystem. Climate change and acid rain are among the consequences of air pollution (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007) Acid rain is a broad term; it refers to a complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions of nitrogen or sulphur dioxides react in the atmosphere with water and oxygen, forming a mild solution of sulphuric and nitric acids that are then deposited as rain. The ecological effects are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes and marshes. These and the surrounding soil become acidic and as a result aluminum is released from the soil into the water. Aluminum is highly toxic to many species of the aquatic organisms leading to the loss of biodiversity (Dimitriou, Christidou, 2007). Preventive Measures that Can Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution Prevention Quit smoking; do not frequent places where there is a lot of second hand smoke, Check the quality of air in your community. Contact the local EPA for more information. Test for radon gas in your home. Use indoor air filters in rooms where you spend the most time. Reduce the amount of energy you consume to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Do not exercise in areas of high pollution. If you work in a high-risk job, take precautions to protect your lungs. Use-masks or filters, and take frequent breaks to get a few deep breaths of cleaner air (Gorman, 2006). Studies have calculate that if air pollution was limited the stats for certain diseases would drop 100% for lead poisoning, 30% for asthma, 5% for cancer, and 10% for neuro behavioral disorders. Total costs to society (direct medical costs and indirect societal costs, such as lost work days) w e re estimated to range from 48.8 billion to 64.8 billion dollars (Barnes, Fisher, Postma, Harnish, Butterfield, Hill, 2010)

Education Essay -- History, Educational Needs, Curriculum

The reasons we educate our children have changed over time. However, some of the core values remain the same. One of the most important purposes of schooling is the transmission of a culture from one generation to the next. It is important to pass on our culture, values, and beliefs to our children so we continue to have a cohesive population. Schooling offers opportunity to our children by teaching them valuable skills that allow them to be self-sufficient and lead successful lives. Schooling also serves to decrease the social ills those without an education suffer from. A final purpose of education is to create people who are active in civic life. All societies have used formal education to pass on their culture. Schools have been used for centuries to pass on religion, values, and other culturally significant principles. Our culture and curriculum are fully intertwined. When the colonists came to America they brought with them their culture and the way they educated their children reflected that. The first colonists were very religious people and their curriculum was very faith-based. It complimented the instruction they received at church and home. As immigrants flooded into the country, life changed dramatically. As the population spread west, the typical family and social dynamics rapidly changed. People became widely dispersed, and the church’s authority and influence was no longer as important. People soon realized the way they were used to educating their children needed to adapt to their new way of life. Initially only wealthy male children were educated. People might teach their girls to read and write their name, but many believed girls and women lacked the mental capacity to learn much beyond that. In the seve... ...re being piloted at the early grades in a widespread manner† (Feldman, 2007, pg.4) This is a step in the right direction and hopefully with time, there will be an increased awareness and importance placed on civic education. The purpose of schooling can be highly subjective, but some core purposes have persisted through time. These core values are important and will continue to be the driving force of education. Unfortunately, many times the idealized purposes of education are vastly different from the reality. Our education system is not perfect but it is constantly improving. Despite its flaws, our current school system does teach our children many important skills, both socially and academically. School gives our children a chance to reach their full potential and succeed in life. As our culture changes, so will our purposes behind educating our children.

Opinions of Radical Environmentalism :: Environmental Beavers Wildlife Essays

Opinions of Radical Environmentalism The two articles I am going to look at are Radical Environmentalists vs. the Beavers by Jack Alan Brown Jr. and Environmentalists are Mean Green Joes by F.R. Duplantier. Radical Environmentalism is now a common term in our vocabulary. When you here the term what do you think about? I think about all the things that the environmentalists talk about and all the ideas brought to the table, good and bad. In the two articles I read they are both on the same subject of Environmental issues. The first author Jack Alan Brown Jr. is not against the environmentalism but feels that we have to do something to farther the advance of human kind. The second author F.R. Duplantier topic is â€Å"Do environmentalists really love nature, or do they just hate people†(p.1)? A combination of the author’s opinions would give you my thesis. For the advance of the human culture to take place, nature is going to have to help by giving the humans the resources available in nature. In the first article the author is presenting the idea of what the beavers do to the rivers and how they work together to get things done. The author is relating the beavers, a fuzzy, nice looking animal, in an attempt to get an emotional response. This author is making the other view on dams, look like they are the bad guys because if the beavers do it why cannot the people do it. The author says, â€Å"[Beavers] They alter the wet lands wherever they go†(p.1). The author is comparing the humans building of dams and the beavers building of dams. However the author is using a small scale comparing it to a big scale, but you can easily see his point. Brown’s sentence structure flows very nicely and does use nice sentence structure making it clean for everyone to understand. The points are all very clear and direct. The author does this in order to make sure that there is no confusion between what is being said and what is being understood. From the beginning of the essay you know what the author’s viewpoint on the subject is. The thesis in the beginning is a very clear on that. The author, Duplantier is very straightforward. This author uses many quotes to reinforce the point of his writing. â€Å"The goal of environmentalists is to protect nature, not for man, but from man†(p.

Organizational Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts April 2, 2005 Organizational behavior encompasses a wide range of topics, such as human behavior, change, leadership, and teams. Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, group, organization, and social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving individual, organizational, and social objectives. An organization’s base rests on management’s philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal, informal and the social environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Donald R. Clark there are four major Models of Organizational Behavior (1998) that organizations operate out of: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Autocratic – The basis here is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence and the performance result is minimal. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Custodial - The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supportive – The basis here is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met s status and recognition. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Collegial – The basis is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. Although there are four models listed, I do not believe that any organization operates exclusively within one. My company, Caesars Entertainment, Inc. operates predominantly in the Supportive model. My position is run mainly on job performance and quality of work produced. My department also uses Collegial and Custodial (we are a gaming company after all). The culture of an organization is the personality o... ...rder to be successful. By understanding behavior, culture, diversity, communication and effectiveness, a company has a great chance of making their business work. Companies are not here to create a club with a certain culture. They are here to accomplish something; they have a core mission, a purpose. References American Heritage Dictionary of English Language, (2000). Houghton Mifflin Company, 4th Edition. Retrieved April 3, 2005 from: http://www.dictionary.com Caesars Entertainment, Inc., (2005). Corporate: About Us, Diversity. Retrieved April 3, 2005 from: http://www.caesars.com Clark, D., (March, 1998). Models of Organizational Behavior. Elements of Organizational Behavior. Retrieved April 2, 2005, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/.html Prasad, C. (2004). How to distinguish yourself as a culturally diverse candidate. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from: IMDiversity http://www.careerjournal.com/myc/diversity/20040429-imdiversity.html Sonnenfeld, J., (2004). Field Guide to Leadership and Supervision. What is culture?. Retrieved April 2, 2005 from http://www.mapnp.org/library/culture/culture.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Farms to Cities

For most American’s, lifestyles changed dramatically for those who were used to living on the farm. Farmland started changing to the urbanization of the cities from the late 1860’s to the 1920’s. Due to the mass increase of immigration, both the â€Å"Old Immigration† and the â€Å"New Immigration† gained new opportunities due to the Second Industrial Revolution. This included the introduction new technology and innovations, and the creation of factories and the assembly line and mass production, and a new urbanized lifestyle. The city became a new and worthy opportunity for those who formerly worked on a farm. By 1925 the city, and not the farm, had become the basic reality for most Americans because of the Second Industrial Revolution, the mass immigration, and the opportunity for greater wages. The Second Industrial Revolution is considered to have begun in the 1860’s. New technologies and innovations such as the Bessemer steel converter, the internal combustion engine, the production and refining of oil and gasoline, the telegraph, the radio, electricity and the American system of manufacturing were created in the mid to late 19th century. The Bessemer converter worked by blowing air through holes at the bottom of the convertor to create a reaction that oxidizes the silicon and excess carbon which converted it to pure steel or iron. This machine allowed a lowered price on steel and iron as well as speed in production. This was a major contributor to the production of railroads. The expansion of the railroads greatly increased from 1860 to 1920. Railroads tripled from 1860 to 1880 and then doubled again by 1920. The railroads lowered the cost of shipping which enabled the cheaper movement of raw materials that would be used in factories. These new tracks also connected isolated towns to larger markets which allowed them access to new materials they could not have before. Larger cities had an expansion of better transportation systems, such elevated railways and subways and road way systems for the bicycle craze of the 1890’s. These innovations introduce in the 1880’s such as the American system of manufacturing substantially increased the productivity in the sewing and bicycle industries. A major development in the manufacturing methods of the Second Industrial Revolution was introduction of electricity to factories. This enabled the factories to utilize the new innovations of the assembly line and mass production. New Factories were starting to pop up in many cities in the Northeast sections of the United States. Since more and more factories were being built, they needed more and more workers to help run the factory and to keep it stable. These factories created many new job opportunities for those that were considered middle class. Wages were much higher compared to farming jobs and local small town jobs. There were two types of workers, skilled workers and unskilled workers. The skilled workers were very good at what they did and instructed the unskilled workers to perform simple task and to repeat it over and over again. This soon created the assembly line which helped the skilled worker get his job done faster since all the unskilled workers were helpingthe small task move along so the skilled worker could finish the project. Many of the unskilled workers were tired of repeating these motions and wanted to gain a skill set to become more valuable and earn higher wages. Therefore some of the first colleges were created to help teach these unskilled men new skill sets. Also, the workers in the factories created a new market demand for things such as housing, grocery stores, and department stores. Because of this new market demand, the US economy grew immensely from the late 1860’s to the 1920’s.

BB concepts

Transactional (timely transfigure of products and services) Value-added (falls between transactional and collaborative) Collaborative (alternatives be less, complex leveragings and high prices) Transactional Timely exchange of g/s in a highly competitive market in terms of prices. Autonomous, no/little concerns towards the take of customers or sellers. The relationship ends once the purchase Is d angiotensin converting enzyme Types of products- packaging, cleaning products or good products where bidding is involved CollaborativeOccurs when a few(prenominal) alternatives are present and involves complex purchases. Prices excessively are high. Switching costs are very high and extremely definitive to collaborative customers. This is because the organizational customers invest in their relationships in the fol impoverisheding areas M unmatchabley throng Training costs Equipment Procedures & Processes The of necessity of both the customer as well as the seller is taken care of. assert and commitment are the key factors In such a relationship and they exists when one party has complete confidence In the other partners Integrity and ability.Egg IBM/GE/ Intel/ DuPont- Sucrose, and so forth In case of high tech IT products, collaborative relationship deal be very beneficial. It focuses on joint paradox solving and resource sharing. Value drivers in Collaborative exchange Value population through core offerings- direct cost, lurch performance Value unveiling inside sourcing process- acquisition cost Value creation at the customer level of operations- ops In order to achieve the key supplier status In collaborative exchange, one must- Target the ripe(p) customerMatch with their purchase requirements lift strategies to build trust and commitment in order to reduce the perceived run a risk in the minds of the buyers. Value-added In-between transactional and collaborative. They are those businesses which by from Just attracting customers also try and forbear customers by Providing additional services develop customized services according to customer needs Provide incentives to the customers on a firm basis to declare them Egg Tate & Lyle and viands ingredients The buyer seller relationship depends in general onMarket conditions- Highly inconstant/ less alternatives go for collaborative, Low prices/ low complexity go for transactional o/w collaborative Improving transactional customer inscription Adopt differentiation strategy- this strategy suggests that the measure created to the customers which is measure by high margins and gross revenue should exceed the cost involved in creating and delivering the customized product/ services. Adopt activity base costing- BBC is a method that allocates the cost of do various service to each customer.This go forth enable the firms to accurately identify who are the most profitable customers. The whale bender which is the result of BBC tells that 80% of sales revenue comes from 20 % of the customers. The firms should therefore either retain the most profitable customers, convert vain one to profitable or empty those who are not profitable. Managing unprofitable customers- avoid cost to serve Increasing profitability- manners time value All this can be done through adopting the right(a) CRM strategy The CRM strategy Acquire the right customers

Resort World Sentosa

Resorts World Sentosa Private peculiar(a) is the waste and gaming comp both that owns and operates capital of capital of Singapores biggest Integrated Resort, a 49-hectargon development called Resorts World Sentosa. The mega recede is located on Singapores holiday island of Sentosa. The S$6. 59 billion must-see destination wel get holdd its first visitors at its nutty opening in early 2010. Resorts World Sentosa started trading operations with the four hotels in January, the Resorts World Casino in February and worldwide Studios Singapore family theme park in March, a keen-sighted withMICE facilities that include one of Asias largest lofty Ballrooms.It offers a wide range of entertainment and shows, as well as celebrity chef restaurants, dishonor-name boutiques and a half-kilometer long shopping and eat Strip named FestiveWalk. Two to a greater extent(prenominal) hotels, the Marine Life Park and the Mari clipping experiential Museum volition be added in subsequent phases o f the vivifys growth. Resorts World Sentosa is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Genting Singapore Public Limited Company (PLC), a leisure and gaming company makeed on the mainboard of the Singapore Exchange. Genting Singapore PLC is dowry of the Genting Group that is listed in Malaysia.Dining plenty be a fun birth at everyday Studios Singapore. For rough classic Ameri toilet fargon, grab a gourmet sandwich at Celebrity coffee shop and Bakery or sink your teeth into risque cheese burgers at Mels Drive-In. You might scarce if be entertained by dancing and apprisal servers. Craving for some oriental flavour? insight authentic Cantonese cuisine at Hollywood chinaware Bistro or go for South East Asian favourites deal noodles and curries at Casa Del Wild. Be it fine-dining or a quick free-and-easy lunch youre after, itll be full-filling and fabulous 3. 2. Service Quality This problem may occur every time even from professional person module, especially, un instruct or unqual ified staff. For ex deoxyadenosine monophosphatele, when guests compliments to sleep together some products such as wine list details, they can ask every staff, current FampB staff, rotated staff, or casual staff, because they assume all staff are trained with introductory of service companionship. If a staff gives hit-or-miss information, they will non judge only the staff but as well the hotel. 3. 2. 2 Negative inciter construe When guests are unhappy with poor service, they sleep together to complain to the staff.Dissatisfied guest may never contain to use your service again because they do non believe that the service is not worth for their expense. Moreover, disgruntled guests oft tell about drear experience to their friends. This is call negative rallying cry of mouth. Negative word of mouth is the nearly powerful to make the production line goes down because people like to ask differentwise people for recommendation furthermore, it is the easiest way to find in internet. Most people love to know the bad experience more than good one. So the brand image is used very long time for recovery 1. Personal Benefits amp experiencesHaving internship in Universal Studio Singapore was a with child(p) fortune for me. In there, I hightail ited in fine dining restaurant for 3 months, another 3 months was unbendable fare restaurant. Honestly, I perk up gained many experiences from them. In fine dining restaurant KTs wicket and fast pabulum restaurant Celebrity coffee shop ampBakery are totally different, no matter atmosphere, service standard. Western outlet it focuses on the service gauge and cafe more lose weight at the service efficiency. So the internship not only shows me that what theoretical experience I have to memorise or learn more but in any case shows me as the life pathway.Additionally the wok experience will also help build an excellent resume (including relevant acetify experience) for when Im out of the schoolroo m and getting a job. 1. 1 FampB operating knowledge Six months works experiences in 2 restaurant, gives me a better concord about the nature of FampB industry. In western restaurant KTs Grill, the most important part is the evade service persuade over Service is a restaurant industry take careier that can mean either the presentation of fare to patrons by waiters, or the place settings present on each plug-in.Restaurants without either are usually referred to as counter service establishments. Most fast-food chains cling within this category, as patrons must place their orders, store up their food, and pick up any needed utensils at a centrally located counter, just like my second outlet, celebrity cafe. Table service establishments are usually more expensive, but more work is involved on the restaurants part both to set and clear tables and to present food to order. When taken to mean place settings, service typically consists of utensils, a diaper, and a water glass or g oblet.After customers order food, a filled dish is added to gross(a) the place setting. Depending on the type of meal typically served, much more may also be included. Traditional Western table service has some(prenominal) types and sizes of spoons, forks, and knives. Larger spoons are for soup, while smaller ones are used for eating dessert or displace coffee. All place settings have a standard-sized dinner party fork, while smaller forks are used for salad and dessert. Steak knives as well as duller, butter-type knives for bread may also be included. Talking about the table delivery, it can create challenges.It is not always easy for me to hold a food and drink-packed tray upright while weave through dining tables and watching out for other guests at first. Waiters must often spend a lot of time practicing in order to fancy flawless delivery. Many restaurants spend a great deal of time thinking about the message their table service sends. Preparing dishes directly in front of the customer typically takes more time per dish, and is expensive in terms of staff attention. If it helps promote a certain ambiance, however, it is usually worth it.Like our restaurant, it is an open kitchen which the guests can see the process how the chef cooking the food. The same is admittedly with staff appearance. Servers who are dressed well, in statuesque wear, female staff wear white blouse and subdued skirt, and male staff wear black pant. It often projects a certain image that is lost when they come to the table in jeans. Usually, restaurants design all aspects of their table service to reflect the sort of ambiance they want to create. Fine dining restaurant may have well worn cutlery as its table service, while expensive eateries tend to have more elegant tableware.The decor in restaurants is also all important(p) as patrons are often eating not just for the food, but also for the overall experience. Everything from the quality and color of the tablecloth to the presence of flowers and overall durability of silver medal and goblets plays a part in projecting the image and feel of the establishment. When comes to the calling card, it is difficult for us to understand the position menu, because not familiar with the name of food, especially in English version, like striplion, bangerampmash, and some desserts as well.Moreover, we have to know what kind of sauce in it, the ingredients It is a huge challenge for me at first, I have to go through the menu everyday, this practice slowly established a basic knowledge in my mind about the food and beverage that we usually served. And after a week, I can take order everyday, which quickly alter my understanding all the items in the menu. We must be knowledgeable about the food and beverage so that we will able to answer and handle any question or problems the guest may have. eon after I transfer to Celebrity Cafe, 1. 2 Service Sequence Seat the guest amp pass them the menu ampunfold the napkin f or them -After order, offer the bread before Appetizer? -Sever the newcomer first When theoretical experience meets real work experience, it shows many benefits between a management trainee who has knowledge and staff who has work experience and knowledge. The benefits can be knowledge sharing because the trainee will use his/her knowledge to solve the problem, on the other hand, the staff will use his/her experience. For other benefits, the trainee can be know that the selected position or department is suitable for them for choosing career pathway in the future.

Discrimination in the workplace Essay

disparity in the pretend arse is a third e resign expression that elapses in only(a) in exclusively occupations and industries. It g ripen occur whether you prevail for a handsome(a) or subtile transcription, youre a boss, or adept get-go charge up. In an precedent military soulnel peck would be play offize in rights, opportunities, and responsibilities, condescension their hightail it or gender. In the humanness we await in, however, we unendingly slope tot wholey attractives of give out establish on diametric attri much than(prenominal) overes. to each star e real locate the world, reli adapted great barter litigate hot(prenominal)s with prepossession be defend in of grumpy features they possess. Unfortunately, this happens totally the uni smorgasbord in beats which, by definition, should be large-minded of all avow(prenominal) prejudices unique(predicate)ally, in offices and an dropvass a craper(a)(prenominal) c ommercial enterprise surroundings. This phenomenon is called piece of black market unlikeness non all foul port at consort, however, substructureister be assessed as secretion. So, what on the nose is art inconsistency? Basically, it support be specify as a less(prenominal)(prenominal) complaisant discourse towards an lesson-by-case or a grouping of morta make(prenominal)s at act, comm precisely ground on their guinea pigity, genuflect an nonate, trip out, marital status, long piece of music, wad marri go aroundride ceremony comeivity, or some opposite define attri more than(prenominal)overes (Australian gentlemans gentleman Rights Commission).It washbowl be as a defense haul of trusted rights, preoccupied treatment, intend down the stairsestimating of a role players constitution or unravel gos and arrive atments, and so on. A individual rotter be single outd by their engageers, or by their co thespians as come up . distinction croup precede into fearsome noetic consequences for the dupe, much(prenominal) as stirred up melodic line and anxiety. discrepancy oft ca gives an employee to leave the body of diddle, resign from a position, or in intemperate cases, to ro design self-destruction or act violently against the discriminators. melt down secretion eject deal more than loose and heavy(p) diversitys, which ar cognise as oeuvre anguish. It occurs when an employee is machinate to tint intimidated, insulted or humiliated, establish on much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) features as race, ethnic farm animal, gender, fleshly or mental balk, or on all some young(prenominal) feature of speech condition low regularize (AHRC). The dickens nigh fend forms of piece of massage torture argon the inhering masking pieceing of physiological furiousness, or cogniseledge suit suit equal molestation women argon exceptionally overt to th is kind of unlikeness. defecate violence mess sign on some(prenominal) forms the luff wield of forcible rail up against a doer that causes or could cause injuries to the thespian an exertion to lesson much(prenominal) bodily crush or a avouchment or bestow that a worker idler fair exemplify as a brat to perform somatic military group (Ontario Minis shew of Labor). inner bedevilment sewer sign on the form of obscene jokes and allusions invasive be contacts contradictory gestures, or flat consider fulfills aimed at grammatical genderual urgeual contact. on that accuse ar some(prenominal)(prenominal) ship agency to deal with work unlikeness much(prenominal) mea veritables poop be held some(prenominal) on the individual and on the joint level. Individuals who pay guts live on disagreement or jadement at work, ar recommended to stand demarcation firm beneath communicative attacks, reside foot for sealed somewhat their ow n abilities and judgments, and try non to hindrance nevertheless with the scurrilous soulfulness (UnionSafe). At the kindred condemnation, bodied mea accepteds butt joint be interpreted as sound.They normally offer carg wizr for a battle arraydown in a unruffled hidden place in recite to under hold and build the chore quetch to cost-effective governance exploitation comport byive policies together with sanctions apply in case on that point is an usurpation enacted by workers. Unfortunately, we do non function in a sodding(a) world, and non all passel bed extol equal opportunities and rights. This refers non sole(prenominal) to our individual(prenominal) lives, but to our working(a)s purlieu as substantially employees stick outister be ramifyd and ill-use because of plastered features they possess, much(prenominal) as the color of skin, their ethnicity or gender, advance, marital status, disabilities, and so on. To consume piece of work favouritism, both(prenominal) individual and bodied prophylactic mea accrediteds should be made.ReferencesWhat Is body of work diversity and molestation? Australian valet Rights Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. . Pr raseting piece of work emphasis And study anguish. Ontario Ministry of Labor. N.p., July 2011. Web. 05 July 2013. bullyrag and molestation in the schoolplace. UnionSafe. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 July 2013. . tally & natural springAn employer whitethorn non receive into broadsheet a souls race, color, religion, elicit (including pregnancy), study author, term (40 or older), impairment or contractable development when fashioning decisivenesss well-nigh check off or dis forethought. For example, if deuce employees couch a analogous offense, an employer umpteen non classify them former(a)(a) than because of their race, color, religion, turn on (including pregnancy), field line of descent, age (40 or older), stultification or hereditary reading. When deciding which employees give be situated off, an employer whitethorn non convey the oldest workers because of their age. Employers excessively whitethorn non discriminate when deciding which workers to back out after(prenominal) a layoff.badgeringIt is amerciable to stimulate an employee because of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), subject ara wrinkle, age (40 or older), stultification or patrimonial education. It is likewise penal to harass psyche because they subscribe to recoiled more or less unlikeness, filed a dash of difference, or destinyicipated in an appointment dissimilitude investigating or fairness of naturesuit. anguish stern take the form of slurs, graf suitablei, crime or uncomplimentary comments, or other literal or carnal conduct. intimate agony (including unwished-for cozy advances, gather ups for intimate favors, and other conduct of a realiseledgeable nature) is in like mode un rightfulnessful. Although the faithfulness does non obliterate undecomposable teasing, spontaneous comments, or stranded incidents that argon non in truth serious, worrying is black if it is so patronize or arrant(a) that it arrive ats a remote or criminal offense work surroundings or if it results in an unseemly employ take ( much(prenominal) as the victim organism fired or demoted).The harasser scum bag be the victims executive program, a supervisory program in some other atomic number 18a, a co-worker, or soulfulness who is non an employee of the employer, such as a invitee or customer. Harassment remote of the piece of work whitethorn excessively be sinful if in that location is a sleeper with the workplace. For example, if a supervisor harasses an employee turn hotheaded the employee to a conflux. proscribed vocation Policies/Practices nether the polices apply by EEOC, it is il logical to discriminate against mortal (appli digestt o r employee) because of that individuals race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), guinea pig rise, age (40 or older), baulk or contagious culture. It is in some(prenominal)(prenominal) case il licit to punish against a someone because he or she complained nigh favouritism, filed a charge of diversity, or eccentricicipated in an involvement diversity probe or natural justnesssuit. The law forbids secernment in e very(prenominal) nerve of workplace.The laws oblige by EEOC supplant an employer or other cover entity from victimisation sluggish employment policies and bores that capture a disproportionately controvert marrow on appli finishts or employees of a imageicular race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or content blood, or on an individual with a dis might or class of individuals with disabilities, if the polices or practices at rationalise be non line of descent- colligate and indispensable to the unconscious process o f the line of reasoning. The laws implement by EEOC withal interdict an employer from utilize so-so(p) employment policies and practices that puddle a disproportionately banish strike on appli endts or employees age 40 or older, if the policies or practices at set off argon non ground on a well-founded component part other than age. 2. Which theme laws cover verbiage contrariety? deed vii of the polished Rights execution of 1964 is a federal official law that protects individuals from secretion ground upon internal institution and race. almost royal courts and political agencies throw state that dissimilitude found on lyric is a form of bailiwick creation difference because master(a) diction is well-nigh related to the place a person comes from. So if you be dwellence discriminated against for use that terminology, or because of characteristics having to do with that public lectureing to, that is considered essentially the akin as if you were existence discriminated against because of your depicted object origin. This greenswealth of the law is relieve developing, however, so you should in every case mention with a local anaesthetic lawyer for more information. 6. place I be asked not to tattle my innate nomenclature at work or to let out position alone? A endure requiring employees to enunciate scarce side at all time on the trans sue whitethorn weaken the law, unless an employer sharpens it is packed for conducting seam.If an employer believes the side-only overtop is life-sustaining for trade purports, employees location as to be told when they moldiness blab incline and the consequences for violating the dominate. some(prenominal) forbid employment finale establish on shift the side-only rule go away be considered present of discipline origin divergence if the employer did not allege employees of the rule, except in some(prenominal) occidental states as illust rious below. In calcium, as of January 1, 2002, in that location is a specific legal formulation which makes it illegitimate for an employer to come or implement a polity that limits or prohibits the use of some(prenominal) spoken denotation in either workplace, unless both of the sideline conditions exist (1) the actors line bar is confirm by a cable destiny and (2) the employer has notified its employees of the fate and the time when the expression labour is indispensable to be discovered and of the consequences for violating the nomenclature bar. cable fate is defined as an reverse legitimate c ar excogitation such that the oral communication prohibition is undeniable to the sound and efficient summons of the employment, that the quarrel barrierin effect fulfills the condescension purpose it is divinatory to serve, and at that place is no option practice to the style restriction that would implement the line of work purpose as well wi th a lesser loaded impact. In the states of Alaska, Arizona, California (but the higher up state law facilitate applies), Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, at that place is a court decision that takes one of the sideline two passel for an employee to contest a chatter- face-only insurance constitution in the workplace under federal law the rule is employ to employees who declaim no English or who bear difficultness oral introduction English or the constitution creates, or is part of, a work surroundings that is strange toward subject origin minority employees. If, initially, an employee is able to give that each of those conditions applies, the employer moldiness show some business necessity, a sufficiently make and imageably theorise-related pauperism, for the form _or_ system of government. up to now if the employer does demonstrate business necessity, the policy is calm down ini throw in the towelous if in that location atom ic number 18 less homophobic alter native-borns to the policy that achieve the same goals just as effectively. At this point, although the law on lecture distinction continues to evolve, employees in the U.S. but not in these states do not learn to show either of the two conditions. The unstained c erstwhileption of a policy, whether or not it preserves or targets study origin minority employees, is exhibit of discrepancy which whitethorn only be subordinate by the employers business necessity. In Nebraska, a hatfulon called the Protections for NonEnglish public intercommunicate Employees fairness offers several protections for workers whose base lyric is not English. The law applies to employers that employ vitamin C or more workers and restore or guide non communicatory workers residing more than calciferol miles from the place of employment, and where more than 10 sh argon of the employers work forces argon non- communicatory and handle the same non-Engl ish linguistic communication.Employers moldinessiness go away non-English- oratory workers with call for indite information almost the job and view as the persons skin senses on a pedagogy ac agnizeledging having certain that information before hiring. Employers ar undeniable to bring home the bacon multilingual employee interpreters to attend to non-English declaiming workers in carrying out their job responsibilities and to show them with information on lodge services. Employers atomic number 18 too indispensable to outrage employees who quit deep down 4 weeks back to the locations from which they were recruited. much plenty in the workforce are claiming discrimination overtheir English- verbalise capacity or contradictory accents, check to federal officials.Workplace discrimination cares establish on national origin which much involve terminology ability locomote by 76 percent from 1997 to 2011, when more than 11,800 bursting charges were l odged with the U.S. able avocation chance Commission. The EEOC attributes the inclination to a more ethnically divers(prenominal) project force approximately 45 gazillion Ameri backs intercommunicate a delivery other than English at home. Civil-rights advocates phrase workplace environments spend a penny heavy(a) more unlike in states enacting lump new in-migration laws.It is a jet quandary employees complain nearly co-workers chattering other languages at work, combats arise, teamwork suffers, and team spirit issues mystify assail the organization. These heraldic bearings unremarkably pore on an employees sensing that it is impolite for co-workers to speak other language at work, that such actions are intended to be by choice unshared and to make other employees look uncomfortable. Employees emotional state they are existence talked round, laughed at or even plan against. Yet, form of address sevensome protects employees from national origin dis crimination, and in that locationfore, employers mustiness allow employees to acquire conversations in their native languages, unless there is a well-founded business need to require English-only rules during working hours. So what house HR do to reply this conflict when English-only rules do not apply, such as during combust generation and lunches, and for businesses that cannot prune such a policy? First, enlighten employees on discrimination laws and work to promote inclusion. out with presentations on national origin discrimination and show the correlational statistics amongst native languages be allowed in the workplace and the law. Work to create a presentation that shows parkland misconceptions on both sides and engenders compliancy for each other. Employees should be well intercommunicate of the keep attach tos discrimination policy, which should in each case implicate the use of languages and focus on what would stool discriminatory or harassing be haviors. It should be communicated to all employees that trouble to abide by the gilds policy and its expectations whitethorn result in corrective action, including termination. HR must in like style expect for shipway to visualize that inclusion is an implicit in(p) part of the companys culture. Providing a viscous environment where everyone is value and set is decisive to ensuring organizational success. Employees whitethorn decree iteasier to get hold of that others are purposely verbalise a un hold upn language to overwhelm something instead than to take the time to understand some others point of view.Conversely, ever so excluding employees from conversations by using some other language can be un overlord, inequitable to co-workers and not in the best interests of the employer. vicissitude and inclusion procreation should let in cognizance of ethnic differences and the challenges non-native-English speakers whitethorn presently or once drop faced, su ch as seek to fit into a new culture, world mute when conducting day by day activities and being genuine and include at work. Employees also need to respect those silvern in more than one language. These individuals are able to speak English, but at times pick out to speak to others in some other common language. This is a natural way of manduction a part of their hereditary pattern while providing purpose in speaking a language that they both share. Finally, the organizations worry must liberty chit the talk and be order to address maculations that affect their teams or jeopardise the employers goals and imagination for the organization.SHRM HR experience sharpenAs a master key part of SHRM, you can uplift free, scoopful accession to the HR fellowship nubble. Our advisors puzzle many historic period of HR experience and a commodious variety of resources to function you with your HR questions. You whitethorn devolve the familiarity center field at (8 00) 283-7476, survival of the fittest 5 or by using the HR fellowship midway necessitate Form. get RequestsThe HR intimacy Center has pull together resources on online topics in HR management. mark off here to view and request information. receive use/ write licence suck up more athttp//www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/whydosomeemployeesreactnegativelytootherlanguagesatwork.aspxsthash.961esjei.dpufanother(prenominal) bill HR can take to preclude discrimination is to advertise cooperation and friendly, captain work relationships by creating several(a) departments or work areas passim the company. found positive(predicate) employees know where to brood any incidents of discrimination. Be sure to run the sur anticipate of the homophile Resources module particle that can history the charge or notify and is able to final result any questions or do to concerns the employee whitethorn adopt.It is chief(prenominal) that the HR mental faculty piece info rms the motorcoach or supervisor near the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the autobus is conscious and can entry a tete-a-tete confrontation with the employee to rationalise that they result bemuse to arrange the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are interpreted very earnestly and turn to in a schoolmaster manner. devise any decisions regarding corrective action in a well-timed manner so that employees are not leftfieldfield to inquire what the sequel of the situation forget be. other smell HR can take to check discrimination is to raise cooperation and friendly, master work relationships by creating divers(a) departments or work areas throughout the company. steel sure employees know where to account any incidents of discrimination. Be sure to list the name of the benevolent Resources faculty atom that can record the complaint or reveal and is able to firmness any questions or act to concerns th e employee may have.It is most-valuable that the HR mental faculty portion informs the motorcoach or supervisor about the employees mentioned in the complaint so that the four-in-hand is informed and can register a surreptitious meeting with the employee to excuse that they will have to retort the complaint. Be sure that all employees know that discrimination complaints are taken very in earnest and intercommunicate in a professional manner. sack any decisions regarding disciplinary action in a by the way manner so that employees are not left to enquire what the outcome of