Analysis Of Of Mice And Men And Death Of A Salesman

The American Dream is the idea that opportunity is available to any American, allowing the highest aspirations and goals to be achieved. I will be examining how John Steinbeck and Arthur Miller elucidates the theme of hopelessness ingrained in the American Dream, through the analysis of the many characters in their texts(Of Mice And Men Death Of A Salesman).Of Mice And Men was set in 1937,it had been set in the event of the great depression , at this time unemployment rate had boosted up, thus leaving majority thoroughly poor, the text relates to this event as all characters are either working to escape poverty or had already failed to escape it. Death of a salesman was set in 1949, after the World War 2 , by this time the country s economy had boomed, and businesses were experiencing a major improvement, as well as the countries economy. From Death Of A Salesman and Of Mice And Men we can distinguish the fact that consumerism is highlighted as a deep-rooted problem. In Of Mice And Men Steinbeck presents this through Candy (a ranch worker).He is depicted as an old man who is disabled, Candy is shown to have no relatives nor nothin. The only possession he is shown to have is his dog, who has also grown old, described as an ancient dog who’s got no teeth, damn near blind. Candy does not have family in order to feel wanted, and build a successful life. The American Dream necessitates having a family and a property, and the fact that Candy does not have what theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men And Death Of A Salesman 1400 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion: How does the writer ‘Of Mice And Men’ and ‘Death Of A Salesman’ present the theme of hopelessness and failure of the American Dream? American Dream: Every women and men should have the opportunity to achieve their goals and their dreams, no matter of their social class or their ability. Hopelessness: Having dreams/goals but knowing there’s a small chance of them being accomplished in future. The writers of the books ‘Of Mice And Men’ and ‘Death Of A Salesman’ have a certain use of words/phrasesRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Of A Salesman And Of Mice And Men 1943 Words   |  8 PagesArthur Miller and John Steinbeck portray the failure and hopelessness of the American dream in the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and in the novella â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. The American Dream is the idea that any man or woman can make his or her own fortune, despite his or her past. The principles of the American dream are hard work and determination it is believed that this will ensures success. Through the creation of the main characters of the play and novella Arthur Miller and John Steinbeck show thatRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdecision, too. He wants to stay, but not by himself. Still, he isnt convinced by Juanitas reasons. Look, he says, if the stream were poisonous, everything in it would look dead. There are water spiders and plants living in the stream. Its no death trap. At this point you are faced with one of lifes little decisions: What do you do about the water situation? Go or stay? Someone else might make this decision by flipping a coin. A logical reasoner is more rational. 4 A first step inRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesNetworking Strategy 321 PART III Acquiring Information Systems 327 Chapter 8 Basic Systems Concepts and Tools The Systems View What Is a System? 329 329 330 Seven Key System Elements Organizations as Systems 330 334 Systems Analysis and Design 335 Business Processes 336 Identifying Business Processes 336 Business Process Redesign 336 Processes and Techniques to Develop Information Systems 339 The Information Systems Development Life Cycle 339 Structured

Price Policy Free Essays

string(100) " birds under the Charnwood brand some specifications should be made for relating price and product\." The purpose of this essay is threefold. First,to identify specific factors and the environment affecting an export price policy. Second, to analyse thisthese factors within our firm and to extract the best decisions given our starting point. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, to consider the above and to give guidelines governing thatwhat should be applied in the international marketing price. It should be noted that in some cases due to an information deficiency, assumptions should be madee. â€Å"Pricing is the moment of truth† (Stottinger,2001). Probably this affirmation is essentially valid in domestic marketing, even more in international marketing. Surprisingly, the literature in this area is characterized by a gapthere is a gap in the literature in this area. Given theirits importance, pricing havehas not attracted much academic research interest compared with other tools of marketing (Stottinger, 2001). Nevertheless, this should not be and cannot be a barrier for the quality of this essay. Albaum and Duerr (2008) no havehave not given a clear message regarding the level of difficulty about practice of establishing an international price. However, for a large influx of authors export price differs from domestic price, and due to thatthis the environment is sui generis in each country (Jain, 1989). It is the writer? s opinion that an overview of the challenge gives the impression that it is somewhat more difficult than in domestic marketing. Sometimes the pricing affair is too tangled to be pliant to a general sort of description (Diamantipoulous and Mathews, 1995). In summary, despite of finding similar market threats in the international â€Å"arena†, every market havehas non-identical consequences and a â€Å"constellation†of elements (Kublin,1900). All of this leads to talk of international factors affecting pricing. The goal is to analyze the factors and bring them in line with our product. Sometimes these factors are so-called such aslabelled â€Å"Internal† and â€Å"External† factors (Tellis, 1986). The writer’s intention is not to follow the system of any author concretely and to blend the most important literature and match with the firm. To avoid excessive interminable details, these factors are exclusively factors that differ from domestic factors, or actorsthose such as competition, or buyer’s perception that are present in the domestic market but now are completely unknown in the new scenario. Cost has been and is being one of the most vital factors affecting price determination (Albaum Duerr, 2008). It is useful because the system cost creates a limit where prices below are not permitted to stayit creates a system where prices are not permitted to stay below a certain limit. (Simon,1995). Historically, the quandary is somewhere between direct cost and full cost. The choice of the cost floor depends on the company’s goal. In the futureLater the company’sthis goal will be explained, but so far, it is enough to say that full costs fits better. The company objectives are to build a new market in the long-run, and using full cost enabling the company to recovered all the cost.. Apart from a â€Å"new† packaging, the new central cost is based on transportation. It is important to take into account theat volume of the product when consideringis another important costs. (Albaum Dueer). In some cases companies fail due to only takinge into account this factor (Backman, 1953). It given that should we mightis essential that we emphasize other factors. Market conditions: it is time to analyze demand. An important idea of our demand is the concept of elasticity. Should I give as done thatThe elasticity of our customer tends not to be inelasticgreat. A pPerson who owns a pedigree dog or an exotic animal, tends to give allwant the best for their animals, and consequently are less price-sensivitysensitive (or there is less price sensitivity). Broadly speaking, they buy regardless of price, but always in the limits of consumer? s price awareness. â€Å"The better differentiated the product, the more difficult it is to make a comparison between different products and the higher the quality and the prestige image of the product, the lower the price sensivity†. (Nagle, 1987). Theseis three characteristics should beare present in our product, therefore the customer should tend to be â€Å"inelastic† Competition is a pivotal factor and reflects supply in economic theory. Cost draws a minimum price, demand delineates a maximum price, and competitors will condition a final price between these limits. (Albaum Duerr, 2008). Due to lack of information, it should be assumingassume some level of competition. The firm must expect some degree of competition, but owing to the kind of product (premium product for a pedigree animal) the market should be clearly delimited. Anyway, in this stage the advice for the firm should be to stay aware of our nearest competitors and extract value information of the background of our competitorsfrom our competitors’ background. Legal or political: widely speaking, after the Treaty of Maastricht and the constitution of the European Community the legal or political issues between European countries have been removed. It Ccan be interesting to mention one aspect of the legislation related with our product, and in last instance it can affect price decision. The European Parliament has passed some regulation concerning to animal feeds, certifying that Community legislation on animal health is properly binding and fulfilling. The law of the EU is directly applicable in UK, therefore, it should be noticed that if our firm has passed the controls for selling in UK there is not going to be a problem achieveing a license to sell around Europe. It is not necessary to argue about economic themes since has been created a homogeneous economic area has been created. Company policies and marketing mix: It is inevitable to speak about the product of the company. Price should be related to product considerations (Albaum Duer, 2008). The characteristics of the product – i. e type of demand, physical and psychological attributes, packaging, quality, degree to which competitors are considered acceptable substitutes differentiation, state of maturity and so on – influence the prizeprice. (Kaplan, Dirlam, Lanzillotti,). Assuming that Edzell Wood has a product range and product positioning similar to that sold for garden and aviary birds under the Charnwood brand some specifications should be made for relating price and product. You read "Price Policy" in category "Papers" If the product range is large and product positioning is premium, this makes it advisable to establish a rather high price. To what extent will depend more or less highon its weighting with other factors. Some studies, under some premises, have showned that â€Å"high price† is associated with â€Å"high quality†( ) It can be interesting to speak about the nature of the product that Edzell is selling and to connect this with the buyer’s perception, another relevant factor. Following Nelson (1970) (Darbi and Karni 1973) goods can be divided into two types: experience good and credence goods. † An experience good is one whose features can be ascertained only upon consumption. A second category might be that of credence goods, when quality cannot be determined even after consumption†. With all probability, our product may be among experience goods and credence goods. It is the writer’s opinion that in this field the labels brand didn’t succeed because it is a kindthe type of good where the brand plays a crucial role. Have you seen animal feeds branded by tesco? The consumers are in part blind and are using non – physical attributes to value the utility of the product and transform this utility in terms of money. It might be a compulsory stop to speak at length about terms such us value and utility but it is beyond the scope of this essay. Suffice it to say that if the consumer is not in a position to judge accurately the value of the product directly, consumers intending to reduce the risk will be willing to pay higher prices as safeto remain safe. Pet owners or Zoological centres want to give all the best for their animals. People don’t eat feeds animalsanimal feed and consequently cannot check the quality of the product. It is the total package including complementary features such as veterinarian advice, delivery, support with any problem related with the animal and food, analysis of components, demonstration about quality, certificates, as well as the symbolic features such as prestige and status that are perceived as delivering more value than our competitors in a pricing point (Hanna Dodge, 1995). The company should take advantage of this. It is time put on the table matto analyse how the pricing philosophy and pricing objectives play a strong role in this process. In line with previous aspects it should be speak about price strategy. It is strongly adviceadvisable to the firm to follow a strategic pricing related to a product differentiation. The firm should stressed differentiation through   product characteristics and position in the industry that are conducive to putting the emphasis on the value of our brand name and enjoying some price premiumpremium prices in consequence. Pricing models can be mixed and matched. Probably there is no a strategy price (skimming,sliding down the demand curve, ando so on) that fsuits perfectly with our task. The price strategy should be a relatively high price related with a high premium product, putting the emphasis in the quality and the complementary features. It should try to implement some promotions to try to encourage the customer to know the product in the first stage. It can be dangerous to play upping or downing the price, becausedue to the quality image can be affected. The objective of our price strategy should integrated goals such uas, obtaining the highest return on investment, maintaining or increaseing market share, meeting a specified sales goal, meeting a specified profit goal, profit maximisation, meeting competition and so on (Teacher). The objective of our price strategy should integrate goals such as, obtaining the highest return on investment, maintaining or increasing market share, meeting a specified sales goal, meeting a specified profit goal, profit maximisation, meeting competition and so on (Teacher) Firm and management: the international experience of the firm and commitment to the venture are important factors. Assuming that Edzell does not have international experience and it is a small enterprise it should be noticeded that it is important to advise the firm’s members about the importance of pricing decisions. Furthermore, the firm should be completely conscious and to have a strong commitment withto go internationalexpanding internationally. This is commonly forgotten in some companies, especially smaller ones. , Aall of thisthese factors influence setting the right price. It is usual to forget this in some companies, especially in small companies. A crucial place occupies the price decision controlPrice decision control occupies a crucial place – the step within the firm at which the decision is tooktaken. (Myers,Cavusgil, Diamantopoulous, 2002). To verifyied that the person who sets the prices has the skills to do it. It is important not to forget channel distribution as a factor affecting price. A product ishas much more than a physical value,value; it is also on how it is sold and after-sales service and so on. The customer’s willingness to pay is directly influenced by these features. The firm should teach the channel distribution how to give this high quality service. Remembering that animal feed is a very intangible product for the buyer and these details are the key point to give a message in consonance with our price. In our case, assuming that direct export has been choosedchosen the goal should be relatively factibleachievablee(? ). Also regarding channels and distribution our firm should avoid structures tending to result in export-price scalationthe escalation of export price (Cavusgil and Zou, 1994). It is necessary to highlight that a good relationship with the channels is very useful to control the final price. (Bowersox et al, 1992). It is the writer? s opinion that the choice ofto choose a direct mode of exportationing hasis have been influenced by theseis parameters. Our company should weight up the benefits of pricing the goods and services in euros or in sterling. Intuitively, most eurozone customers will prefer to see prices in euros. Using a sterling prices list may lose part of our business. The main disadvantage of making and accepting euro payments is that it exposes our firm to currency risks. One way to hedge against exchange rate movements can be to arrange a forward foreign exchange contract – this is an agreement initiated by you to buy or sell a specific amount of foreign currency at a certain rate, on or before a certain date. In the field of price quotation, our exportations should use the system definition based on Incoterms (International Commercial Terms). Although the detail of which incoterms should be choosechosen is beyond the scope of this essay, exporters should consider some factors. Between others; shipment, insurance coverage, availability of information, currency convertibility problems, and son on (Albaum ; Duerr, 2008). Ultimately, price quotations should be in a form that customers and channels find suitable, and at least as convenient for the customer as those offered by competitors. Anyway, the price quotations should be reflected in the final price. All of these factors should be complemented with some basic guidelines. Pricing flexibility is a principle that should guide all the decisions. The right placeprice(? today, cannot be the right price tomorrow. The issue, more than to think if our price havehas to be higher, lower or the same level compared with our domestic prices or the competition prices it is to set the right price in the right moment. Probably, some factors hashave been omitted but not forgotten due to limited space. And always remember that setting a price â€Å"It is not a science, but it is an art. †Ã¢â‚¬  (John I. Leahy, Black ; Decker) Bibliography Stottinger, B. (2001) Strategic export pricing: a long and winding road. Journal of International Marketin, 9 (1). 40-55 Jain, S. C (1989) â€Å"Standardization of international marketing strategy: some research hyphoteses† Journal of marketing, Vol 53, January, pp. 70-9 Kublin, M. (1990) â€Å"A guide to export pricing†, Industrial Management, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 29-32 Diamantopoulos, A. and Mathews, B. (1995), Making pricing decisions: A study of Managerial Practice, Chapman ; Hall, London. Mathews, B. Cavusgil, Diamantopoulos, A. (2002), Antecedents and actions of export pricing strategy: A conceptual framework and research propositions. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36, No ? , 2002, pp. 159-188. How to cite Price Policy, Papers

Employment and Unemployment free essay sample

Changes in unemployment depend mostly on inflows made up of non-employed people starting to look for jobs, of employed people who lose their jobs and look for new ones and of people who stop looking for employment. The cause of unemployment in Malaysia varies. There are four types of unemployments, which include cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and seasonal unemployment. Cyclical unemnployment of Malaysia happens when there is lack of jobs due to the downswing in a business cycle or a recession. Due to this economy declines, the number of job layoffs crossways the world is rising extremely. The International Labor Organization affirmed that up to 51 million jobs worldwide could be eliminated due to the recession. Malaysia is no exception. Normally with an unemployment rate of 2% to 2. 5%, could rise to 4. 5% in that particular year. Since January 2009 about 10,000 Malaysians have been jobless. Another problem that causes the increasing of unemployment rate of Malaysia is that there are so many new job seekers each and every year. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment and Unemployment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research shows that every year there are 600,000 new job seekers in Malaysia. This is when the frictional unemployment happens which people are in between jobs, entering and reentering the labor force. For example when people quit their jobs for a better position or higher wages or when fresh graduates are actively seeking for jobs. Even though these people are not working, but they are counted as part of the labor force because they are searching for jobs. It is stated that structural unemployment is when jobs are available but the unemployed does not have the skills to fill these jobs. In Malaysia, the case is quite the opposite. There are many highly-qualified candidates, but they are too embarrassed to take on low-paying jobs, although a local spokesperson says that ‘job seekers should accept whatever job positions they can get’. That would decrease the number of people seeking jobs, which would decrease unemployment based on frictional and structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment takes place hen seasonal variations happens during the activities of particular industries caused by climatic changes, changes in fashions or by the intrinsic nature of such industries. In Malaysia, there are a lot of opportunities in the plantation sector. With the typical weather of Malaysia, people in the plantation sector are able to grow crops all year round. Nonetheless, seasonal unemployment still takes place. For example, the sug ar industry is seasonal in the sense that the crushing of sugar-cane is done only in a particular season. Such seasonal industries are bound to give rise to seasonal unemployment.

Urban sustainability free essay sample

Urban sustainability Name Instructor In the global context, Urbanization is viewed as an essential trend for development for a couple of decades to come, this is especially the case in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian countries. Cities in mentioned regions as well as other parts of the world are predicted to promote sustainable development of their respective nations. This is supported by the knowledge that urbanization if well-articulated can enhance economic and social well-being of nations; since the urban centers provide the facilities for production. Therefore, sustainability should be incorporated in all urban evelopment plans in order to promote investments for middle and low-income members of the society. The developments should address the present and future needs of rural and urban regions of the society (Fitzgerald,J. 2010). At the moment, approximately half the Worlds population live in urban centers. Analysts project that by 2030, there will be an increase of more than one billion urban residents and by the year 2050, urban population will be between 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban sustainability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page to 3 billion people. Hence, the urban managers should develop sustainability mechanisms to accommodate the rising urban population. Sustainability and overall development of an urban center entail enhancing the capacity of urban residents to improve their livelihood, it involves conserving the of the existing public utilities. A citys development plan should therefore, incorporate not only the physical expansion but also give the best approaches for ensuring sustainability. Therefore, a comprehensive and most efficient urban plan provides methods to realize development objectives, establishes an appropriate and unique urban environment that benefit both the present and future residents of the city. In ddition, urban sustainability also enhance accountability and transparency in the management of the urban utilities and resources. This in turn promote compliance to the existing by-laws and policies thereby, minimizing environmental degradation and pollution. In this regard, urban sustainability refers to the multi-disciplinary and cross sector approach that provide the practical use and integration of citizens in the planning process, decision making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of urban projects. This promotes feasible, long-term, as well as self-sustaining urban projects and settings. In this instance, sustainability may relate to the use of natural resources and best practices in development of urban environment, which does not compromise the ability of future generations to practice further development or meet their own needs. It refers to the development that integrates inter and intra generational equity. In order to realize urban sustainability, the planners adopt a political processes that incorporates the views and opinions, public concerns, contributions and expertise advice of local leaders, special interest groups including; women, children, the disabled and the old. The approach requires the coordination f various experts and officials from different fields such as architectures, natural resource conservation and management, transportation sector, trade and industry and the Non-Governmental organizations. They sequentially form a team which monitor and advice the residents on the long term sustainability as well as the environmental and demographic changes of the urban environment Over the past decades, there has been debates about making urban development further viable. However, Just as the debates on general sustainability, there is no effort to explain and quantify the real meaning of the term urban sustainability. Currently, it is estimated that the total population of people living in urban environments is over 50%. This is expected to reach about 70% by 2050 (World Health Organization). The Food and Agricultural Organization also explains that the rate of water use is slightly twice the rate of population growth, making water a fragile and scarce commodity. Thus, there exists major concerns to promote sustainability of the urban centers. Nevertheless, the aforementioned issues should not raise an alarm because the vitality of urban centers provides major opportunities for sustainable development. It is clear that sustainable urban development has adequate potential to generate good Jobs and provide better livelihoods to urban residents. This is in turn is coupled with significant improvement in social well-being and economic growth; besides, sustainability also enhances the protection of environmental as well as resource use, it promotes protection of local and trans-boundary ecosystems. In addition, this helps reduce both the rural and urban poverty, and subsequently management of urban resources and development is difficult to address, and have long lasting impacts on the physical environment of urban centers. This may cause the growth of slums, and as a result, exclusion, inequalities and social unrest start to develop. Current efforts by both the private sector and governments to reduce negative environmental impacts of the cities and the urban development are well elaborated. However, it is difficult to explain if their interventions are sensible or not. In most instances, governments propose and implement projects without the full consideration of their economic and technical efficiency. For example, the desalination plants constructed in major Australian towns to provide other sources of ater is neither economically nor technically efficient method of water provision. Perhaps, appropriate and sustainable urban development models for world cities should address both economic and technological efficiency principles. That is, the methodology should aim at minimizing the pollution and damage to the physical environment. The models should as well maximize the economic efficiency while on the other hand promote sustainable use of resources and production. Urban sustainability principles highlight reduction in carbon emissions and related energy wastage during consumption. In broad view, it also entails reducing the water wastage and unnecessary demand. As a major approach to city development, it promotes the adoption and sustainable use of resources and limits waste generation. Urban sustainability facilitates appropriate waste management; this encompasses the adoption of 3Rs namely; reduce, re-use and recycling of wastes. These changes are expected to go along with similar adjustments in the socio-economic performance aspects of the development projects and activities (Schaffer, D. 010). Case study The City of Vancouvesr. Vancouver city is one of the clean cities in Canada and the whole world. The work highlights the strategies taken by the city administration and mayor of the city to improve its sustainability. To date, Vancouver is one the greenest cities in the world, it also provide high standards of living for the residents based on the availability of the best services and utilities in addition to the clean city environment. In the earlier years, the city depended on the implementation and recommendations of the Clouds of Change report of 1990. This report gave the guidelines and actions for reducing emissions especially the carbon emissions from manufacturing firms. After five years, he urban planners developed a comprehensive City Plan of 1995. The plan among other concerns aimed at providing guidelines to the local government and city residents so as to develop efficient and sustainable urban communities. In addition, the city management adopted The Vancouver Greenways Plan. This plan enabled the development of supplementary cycling and walking opportunities, this enhanced the safety of city residents along major highways. Thus, the plan contributed to sustainability of the city by reducing injuries and accidents along the streets, roads and highways. As a follow up, the city administration adopted a n all-inclusive ransportation plan in 1997, the plan gave emphasis to walking, transit and cycling. occurrence of accidents. In order to make Vancouver better and enhance sustainability of the city, the mayor formed the Cool Vancouver Task Force in 2002. The main aim of the task force was to assist in developing action plans to address climate change and related impacts on urban settlements and infrastructure. These action enabled Vancouver to become The Climate-Friendly City in the world. In 2005, the task force helped draft incorporating a wide-ranging corporate climate change action plan for city operations. This detailed plan provided elaborate information relating to changes that the Vancouver council was supposed make as well as the sustainable projects to be implemented both in the present and the future. Plans addressed relevant adjustments in different sectors of the economy, education, transportation, clean production mechanisms and waste management. To further promote sustainability of Vancouver city, the local authority passed the Eco Density in 2008. This activity provided a landmark in enhancing urban sustainability because; it promotes more sustainable urban planning processes. The plan attempts o encourage a formula of densification that is economically, socially and environmentally friendly. It facilitates the reduction of the citys undesirable impacts and ecological footprint. Among other concerns, Eco-Density also encourages the adaptive reuse of already prevailing buildings, the development of additional secondary housing units and the creation of new housing designs that are more responsive to current development standards that are considered sustainable. To cap it all and facilitate urban sustainability, the management of the city needed to establish long lasting approaches to urbanization. The methodologies should address all aspects of development together with social, environment and economic aspects of development. In this regards, the mayor passed the Green Rezoning Policy in 2010, this policy makes it mandatory that all new rezoning for buildings should include LEED standards and all constructions should ensure compliance with the standards. This has gone a long way to minimize hazards at construction sites. Besides, it significantly contributes to reducing disasters that can result to property damage, property loss or death of city residents. The LEEDS standards ensures that ll new buildings constructions made in Vancouver are safe, disaster proof and more energy efficient. Hence, it promotes sustainability of the houses as well as Vancouver City in general (Greater Vancouver greenguide,2006) Regardless of the numerous benefits of urban sustainability, achieving urban sustainability is difficult because of the numerous significant challenges in creating sustainable structures so as to promote urban development. For instance, existing social structures, infrastructures as well as transportation modalities in most cases characterize an enormous economic investment. This is the case because, these infrastructural equipment were built to last for many more years hence replacing them require the significant country spending. Consequently, Political challenges and differences also arise. Often, it is more challenging to persuade citizens living in a democratic society and the government to destroy or replace their buildings and other infrastructures since it will tamper with the well-being of people for a certain period. Other challenges also arise from the private sector, for example organizations and can oppose various adjustments because of their self-interest. This is because they have an investment urban centers more sustainable and safe. This requires improving life of the urban residents within the capacity of the respective urban centers finite resources. In particular, the needs of the present generation must be addressed without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. References Fitzgerald, J. (2010). Emerald cities: urban sustainability and economic development. New York: Oxford University Press. Greater Vancouver greenguide: [seeding sustainability].. (2006). Vancouver: Design Centre for sustainability at IJBC.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Quotes

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Quotes The Boy in the Striped Pajamas follows the lives (and friendship) of two young boysacross the Holocaust fence at the Auschwitz Camp. One boy is the son of a high-ranking SS officer, while the other is the son of a Polish Jew. Here are quotes from the novel. Quotes We dont have the luxury of thinking ... Some people make all the decisions for us.One day he was perfectly content, playing at home, sliding down banisters, trying to stand on his tiptoes to see right across Berlin, and now he was stuck here in this cold, nasty house with three whispering maids and a waiter who was both unhappy and angry, where no one looked as if they could ever be cheerful again.So were here at Out-With because someone said out with the people before us?We should never have let the Fury come to dinner.He suddenly became convinced that if he didnt do something sensible, something to put his mind to some use, then before he knew it he would be wondering round the streets having fights with himself and inviting domestic animals to social occasions too.The thing about exploring is that you have to know whether the thing youve found is worth finding. Some things are just sitting there, minding their own business, waiting to be discovered. Like America. And other things are probably better off left alone. Like a dead mouse at the back of the cupboard. You wear the right outfit and you feel like the person youre pretending to be, she always told me.Bruno opened his eyes in wonder at the things he saw. In his imagination he had thought that all the huts were full of happy families, some of whom sat outside on rocking chairs in the evening and told stories about how things were so much better when they were children and theyd had respect for their elders, not like the children nowadays. He thought that all the boys and girls who lived there would be in different groups, playing tennis or football, skipping and drawing out squares for hopscotch on the ground... As it turned out, all the things he thought might be there - werent.Despite the chaos that followed, Bruno found that he was still holding Shmuels hand in his own and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go.A few months after that some other soldiers came to Out-With and Father was ordered to go with them, and he went without complaint and he was happy to do so because he didnt really mind what they did to him anymore. Resources Interview with Childrens Author John BoynePodcasts Downloads

The History of the Brassiere - Mary Phelps Jacob

The History of the Brassiere - Mary Phelps Jacob The first modern brassiere to receive a patent was the one invented in 1913 by a New York socialite named Mary Phelps Jacob. Jacob had just purchased a sheer evening gown for one of her social events. At the time, the only acceptable undergarment was a corset stiffened with whaleback bones. Jacob found that the whalebones poked out visibly around the plunging neckline and under the sheer fabric. Two silk handkerchiefs and some pink ribbon later, Jacob had designed an alternative to the corset. The corsets reign was starting to topple. An unhealthy and painful device designed to narrow an adult womens waist to 13, 12, 11 and even 10 inches or less, the invention of the corset is attributed to Catherine de Mà ©dicis, wife of King Henri II of France. She enforced a ban on thick waists at court attendances during the 1550s and started over 350 years of whalebones, steel rods and midriff torture. Jacobs new undergarment complimented the new fashion  trends  introduced at the time and demands from friends and family were high for the new brassiere. On November 3, 1914, a U.S. patent for the Backless Brassiere was issued. Caresse Crosby Brassieres Caresse Crosby was the business name Jacob used for her brassiere production line. However, running a business was not enjoyable to Jacob and she soon sold the brassiere patent to the Warner Brothers Corset Company in Bridgeport, Connecticut for $1,500. Warner (the bra-makers, not the movie-makers) made over fifteen million dollars from the bra patent over the next thirty years. Jacob was the first to patent an undergarment named Brassiere derived from the old French word for upper arm. Her patent was for a device that was lightweight, soft and separated the breasts naturally. History of the Brassiere Here are other points in the history of the brassiere worth mentioning: In 1875, manufacturers George Frost and George Phelps patented the Union Under-Flannel, a no bones, no eyelets and no laces or pulleys under-outfit.In 1893, a woman named Marie Tucek patented the breast supporter. The device included separate pockets for the breasts and straps that went over the shoulder, fastened by hook-and-eye closures.In 1889, corset-maker Herminie Cadolle invented the Well-Being or Bien-à ªtre, a bra-like device sold as a health aid. The corsets support for the breasts squeezed up from below. Cadolle changed breast support to the shoulders down.World War I dealt the corset a fatal blow when the U.S. War Industries Board called on women to stop buying corsets in 1917. It freed up some 28,000 tons of metal!In 1928, a Russian immigrant named Ida Rosenthal founded Maidenform. Ida was responsible for grouping women into bust-sized categories (cup sizes). Bali WonderBra The Bali Brassiere Company was founded by Sam and Sara Stein in 1927 and was originally called the FayeMiss Lingerie Company. The companys best-known product has been the WonderBra, marketed as The One And Only WonderBra. Wonderbra is the trade name for an underwired bra with side padding that is designed to uplift and  add  cleavage. Bali launched the WonderBra in the U.S. in 1994. But the first WonderBra was the WonderBra - Push Up Plunge Bra, invented in 1963 by Canadian designer Louise Poirier. According to Wonderbra USA this unique garment, the forerunner of todays Wonderbra push-up bra had 54 design elements that lifted and supported the bust to create dramatic cleavage. Its precision engineering involved three-part cup construction, precision-angled back and underwire cups, removable pads called cookies, gate back  design for support  and rigid straps.

Conflict Managment and Resolution Research Paper

Conflict Managment and Resolution - Research Paper Example In order to achieve this aim, the paper will conduct a literature review of the researches conducted till date that have explored the transactional leadership and manager’s approaches to resolving and mitigating conflicts in a workplace. A manager is a person who has to manage the workforce and to make them achieve organizational objectives. A manager has to plan, organize, lead and control. Leading is the core function of management. However, a manager is always a leader but a leader is not always a manager. The transactional leadership is a type of leadership style in which the leader perceives that people can be motivated through rewards and punishments only. This is the most common type of leadership style and widely adopted in contrast to charismatic and transformational leadership style. Every manager has to face conflict issues that takes place while they are performing their roles. In this regard, they have to undertake steps to handle these conflicts and to resolve th em in a manner that is beneficial to the organization. Nevertheless, there are various approaches to conflict management and resolution that varies according to their outcomes and nature. For instance, Hendel, Fish and Galon (2012) conducted a research study of Israeli nurse managers in general hospitals to analyze their choice of strategy whilst managing conflict and their leadership style. The primary reason for undertaking the research was the fact that nurse managers encounter conflict. The conflict management style determines the degree of effectiveness of the managers. Increasingly, the organizations are realizing the importance of adopting effective... This paper approves that Korabik, Baril and Watson found that the men adopt transactional leadership style while managing conflicts at their workplace. Like, they consider the elements of reward and punishment as important factors in managing and resolving conflicts. The study also found that the leadership styles adopted and their subsequent outcomes were the same between both genders. This study shows that the approaches to conflict management from the managers and transactional leaders point of view are gender biased. The females are more towards transformational leadership roles than the transactional ones as the latter involves definite rules and guidelines to follow. The study also shows that male managers are more focused on adopting leadership style that can help them achieve multiple benefits and no loss. The employees are also informed about the incentives of achieving the required standards and the subsequent penalties for failure. Thus, making it easier for the leaders to identify the potential causes of conflict, develop methods to avoid future disputes and resolve the existing problems effectively. This esssay amkes a conclusion that the nature of conflict and its diversity has demanded a uniform set of process to resolve disputes that arise in a workplace and in legal cases. For instance, the large number of intellectual property right cases and their sensitive nature has required a speedy, cost-effective and mutually binding solution to the intellectual property rights stakeholders.

Terrorism ResponseYour team is the first responder law enforcement Essay

Terrorism ResponseYour team is the first responder law enforcement agency to a crime scene where a bomb has exploded at City Hall - Essay Example Specialized responders are the FBI, the Center of Disease Control teams and Explosives Ordnance Detonation (EOD) specialists, who take charge of the situation, identify toxin and take appropriate disease control, and detect and render safe secondary devices respectively. This essay discusses First Responders' Strategy to a hypothetical scenario wherein a bomb explodes at City Hall and an anonymous caller claims responsibility and indicates that the explosion released toxins. The paper addresses preliminary evaluation, concerns about scene safety, life saving efforts and scene protection and security and control measures. It premises that the anonymous caller's claim and hint are true. The scenario is a post blast incident in a populated enclosed cite with possible biological and chemical (BC) toxins released during the explosion. Law enforcement first responders are faced with a situation where there are people killed and hurt; people in a state of shock and panic, danger of infrastructure collapse, danger of the presence of secondary devices within the building or in proximate buildings, and danger of biological and chemical (BC) contamination. The anonymous call is presumably post facto. As such, the conservative posture is to assume that there is exposure to toxins. The first task is to set up a command post (CP) where activities among first responders and speci

Meeting of minds Essay Example for Free

Meeting of minds Essay In what ways does this scene represent 2 characters crossing boundaries and understanding each other a meeting of minds?  The scene automatically has a sense of irony, as both Yolland and Maire both cannot understand a word each other is saying, this means communication was needed to be made in an alternate way, these ways are through the use of identifiable feelings and emotions, as well as paralanguage to indicate the feelings and emotions that the character is trying to express. Throughout their conversation, it would seem unlikely to a person who has just picked up the book that Yolland and Maire do not speak the same language, and therefore cannot fathom what each other is trying to say. This is due to the similarities of speech between the two of them; they always seem to have a vague understanding about what the other person is trying to say. An indication of this is where Maire says, The grass must be wet. My feet are soaking. straight after Yolland points out, The grass must be wet your feet are soaking. It is clear to see the similarities in their speech, although the context is just flipped around, but apart from that it is almost identical. Emphasising this collision, linguistically speaking, is the stage directions, expressing the characters body movement. The way they seem very immature when they realise they are holding hands, then immediately disengage and move apart. Another way that they can be seen as immature is through the basic communication, such as pointing. Knowing that the other person cannot understand what they are saying might be a factor in the characters lexis, especially regarding Yolland where he says Ive been watching you night and day for the past because if Yolland was to say this to Maire and she understood it, she could take it two very different ways, and decide that in fact Yolland is a bit weird. Without the aid of a similar language the characters find another way to communicate, which involves Maire saying English words, which she knows, and Yolland encouraging her, Yes-yes? Go on- go on- say anything at all- I love the sound of your speech. This shows although they cannot understand each other Yolland is fixated by Maire, and there is this chemistry, a bond between them, which they both know, are there but just cant explain it to each other. The communication between the two of them become so intense that Yolland starts reeling of whole sentences, without realising that Maire does not have a clue what he is on about, she just stares at him unknowingly and wondering. It becomes clear that they need some common ground to try to relate with each other this occurs, when Yolland starts saying Irish place names, Maire reciprocates and this carries on as though they are flirting, which leads them back to the way they were, when they ran together, as once again they were holding hands, at this point they exchange their raw feelings without the satisfaction of being understood, they hold each other and tremble in one anothers arms, the lexis leading up to the kiss is very heated, there is a mutual understanding of the word always I believe this to be significant as this is one of the final words before they kiss it just shows the compassion they hold for each other. Unquestionably above everything the connection is a meeting of minds as the only way of really communicating was through paralanguage, and the fact that they are very similar people, with similar thoughts and feelings, about the way they act, the way they speak, and the way they feel for each other. In a way their relationship could be seen as an example to be followed, as if individual Irish and English people can get along and fall in love, whats to say England and Ireland should not at least be able to tolerate each other. Yolland and Maire, by not understanding verbally, will have an extremely deep understanding of each other mind, in turn this may lead to a significantly compassionate relationship, or just a passing phase, however I believe there is a meeting of minds, and the kiss only emphasises the coming together of these two foreign bodies into one.

white noise :: essays research papers

The central conflict between Jack and Babette Gladney is basically the struggle for control and also the struggle for who is more afraid of death. Jack Gladney throughout the whole novel tries to think that he knows his wife Babette he tries to control her thoughts by saying she is supposed to act a certain way. Jack wants to be the one afraid of death and at the same time wants to get rid of his fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Jack confronts Babette about the medicine she is taking, he wants to know what it is and why she is taking it. He tells her that if she doesn’t tell him the reasons that Denise will. Jack is very understanding and tells her to take her time telling him. Babette tells him that Gray Research was conducting human experiments on fear and then decided not to conduct them on humans but on computers. She told Jack how she made a deal with â€Å"Mr. Gray† and in exchange to continue with the experiment with Dylar (the drug) she would give him her body. Jacks reaction to this was not the kind you’d expect when your wife is telling you she cheated on you. He was mostly calm, stayed laying in bed, and even offered Babette some Jell-O with banana slices that Steffie had made. Jack went on asking why Babette needed this drug and what it’s purpose was. He wanted to know why they couldn’t test on animals. Babette answered, â€Å"That’s just the point. No animal has this condition. This is a human condition. Animals fear many things, Mr. Gray said. But their brains aren’t sophisticated enough to accommodate this particular state of mind.†(195) Jack then was starting to realize what Babette was getting at. This is when the emotion kicks in for him. Now he feels all the emotions he was supposed to feel when she told him he cheated on him. He states, â€Å"My body went cold. I felt hollow inside.† (195) He was waiting for her answer. She tells him, â€Å"I’m afraid to die..I think about it all the time. It won’t go away.†(195) He responds with, â€Å"Don’t tell me this, this is terrible.† Jack’s reaction to Babette’s fear seems misplaced. He is more upset that she could possibly be more afraid of death than him than he seemed to be about her sleeping with Mr. Gray. He goes on trying to tell Babette that maybe she isn’t sure that she is afraid of death, â€Å"death is so vague.† He tries to tell her that it might be her weight or height that is her problem.

Standardized Testing in Schools

Standardized tests are administered in all schools across the U. S. in lieu of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. According to these laws, schools have to administer standardize tests to qualify for various types of licensing and grants. For instance, a certain percentage of the students in public schools must pass the standardized tests to be allowed federal support and funding for that particular school. If the results of the standardized tests are not at par, the school does not get funding. At the same time, many students have to take high-stakes standardized tests to get into various colleges/universities of their choice. If the students do not do well on such tests, they are denied admissions. The thing to note about these standardized tests is that they are not reliable and they contain various biases in them. Many people have criticized how such tests do not contain relevant information that can be found in the course syllabus and they test students on impractical levels. Others believe that standardized tests provide results based on very few parameters that do not reflect the students’ real intelligence. Looking at the various researches and opinions of critics, we find that standardized testing is not an effective measure of gauging students’ intelligence, and they should not be used in schools. For example, one of the biggest reasons standardized testing is not effective is because of the subjectivity that can be found in such tests. For instance, Williams (2005) speaks of how many of the standardized tests are gauged by computers. These computers look at the essays input and they provide the results after running certain algorithms that measure certain aspects of the essay, such as structure. Williams (2005) presents a very interesting fact of how some of his colleagues and even he himself used an online website to generate essays about a subject and fed that into the testing machine. The essay that was generated was completely gibberish but was constructed properly according to the rules of grammar. For instance, the essay was supposed to be about standardized testing, but it speaks of how governmental officials and monarchs use the system. The testing machine, however, said that the essay was very well written. This is because the essay followed rules of grammar impeccably, even though it did not make any sense. This shows how standardized testing can be extremely ineffective, as they are mostly being gauged by computers that assess their structure and not their contents. Another problem with standardized tests is that they do not take into account the syllabus that students learn all year round in their classroom curriculum (Rosengarten, 2002). This means that it makes what children are being taught in classrooms as being useless. Children are taught a different syllabus in class, and they are expected to prepare for a test that tests them on other criteria. This causes two problems: one, that the children are being given two different types of education, and two, teachers are not sure what to teach their children. They must teach the children the regular coursework, however, they also must make sure that the children pass the standardized test so that they can receive the federal funding and grant, as per the No Child Left Behind Act. Many people have criticized this act. According to his act, each school must administer standardized tests to its students so that all schools can be gauged on a similar platform (United States Department of Education, 2001). If the students attain a certain level of score on these tests, the public schools are given the federal funding and grant; however, if the school fails, the grants are withdrawn (Diorio, 2008). This is why most of the schools pressure their teachers to prepare the students in such a way so that they ace the standardized tests (Smyth, 2008). This can be problematic. Another problem with standardized testing is that when teachers prepare the students for the standardized tests, they neglect and ignore the subjects that the students will not be tested on. For example, most of the standardized tests focus on mathematics and English skills more. This is why to help students pass the standardized tests, teachers’ pay more attention to these subjects and other subjects, such as science, humanities, history, and art are ignored. Children are getting a skewed education that is tailored to fulfill the federal mandate. Moreover, as noted earlier, most of the standardized tests test students on knowledge that is not part of their syllabus. This results in teachers preparing the students to take the test and do well at it, instead of providing a homogenized form of education that benefits students across all the different subjects. This also means that students can effectively remain lazy and not study all year round and only prepare themselves to take the standardized tests at the end of year to pass their grades. This is also not good, as the students are not being given the proper way of being educated, which should be consistent all year round and not focused on passing one test at the end of the year. Furthermore, standardized tests are also not effective because they contain various biases (Se Queda, 2011). This is because the standardized tests are designed to be administered to a large population that has to take the same test. All the students are required to answer the test in the same manner. This can be problematic, as the U. S. has a very diverse student population from various social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds (Scholmerich et al, 2008). Placing them all on the same level and playing field is giving advantage to some of the students while making it more difficult for others. For instance, children from different parts of the country would have different sets of skills. For example, a child raised in a big city, such as New York City, would have completely different mindset and set of skills than a child who was raised in a small town, such as Fort Pierce, Florida. This has to do with cultural dynamics and the way that children are taught, treated, and raised in different surroundings. Each of these children would respond in different ways to various educational questions because of their differences in the way that they were raised. Standardized tests do not account for such differences, as the same test is administered in the same manner for all students. At the same time, children with disabilities, e. g. blind children, are also mandated to take standardized test under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). In such cases, the questions are read out aloud to the children and they have to speak out their answers (National Council on Disability, 2008). However, the No Child Left Behind Act ignores the blind children and gives them a null score Mefford, 2009) since they cannot read, which means that the standardized tests are skewed and biased. Additionally, many critics have voiced their concerns over how standardized tests should not be allowed because they are unfair. Such critics talk about how the questions â€Å"require a set of knowledge and skills more likely to be possessed by children from a privileged background. The discriminatory effect is particularly pronounced with norm-referenced te sts, where the imperative to spread out the scores often produces questions that tap knowledge gained outside of school† (Kohn, 2000). At the same time, since the standardized tests contain various patterns that students can be taught, various parents can help their children get the proper preparation so that they can pass these tests. This means that the rich and better off people tend to have the ability to provide their children with private tuitions, helping them prepare specifically for the standardized tests so that they can do well. This is another bias that can be seen in the standardized tests, as those who are able to afford to get specific education and preparation for the standardized tests are able to get better scores. This goes against the true reasons for the standardized tests, which is to gauge the students equally across the same platform. Clearly, the rich have an advantage, as they can afford to be specifically prepared for the test, giving them better scores not because they are more intelligent but because they could pay enough money to tailor their preparation exactly for the test. Another reason standardized tests are ineffective is because they tend to measure superficial thinking rather than the deep thinking of the students. Many scholars have indicated the difference between active thinking and superficial thinking, in that active thinking occurs when students ask many questions about their course, coming up with questions themselves and then linking their current coursework with what they have learned in the past. Superficial thinking occurs when students tend to copy down the answers, do a large amount of guesswork and do not ponder on the more difficult aspects of the curriculum. Research has shown that students who get higher scores on their standardized tests are usually those that indulge more in superficial thinking rather than active thinking. Even though some of the students who indulged in active thinking were also able to get high scores, the correlation between superficial thinking and high scores on standardized test is a positive one. This is another reason standardized tests can be seen as being ineffective, as they tend to measure the wrong kind of things; instead of measuring the students who do active thinking, they favor superficial thinking, which is not good. Thus, we find that standardized tests are ineffective for many reasons. Standardized tests test students on a set of knowledge and skills that they are not usually taught in their coursework. This is why many of the teachers tend to teach students how to pass standardized tests instead of teaching them the proper syllabus. To do this, the teachers have to cut down on other subjects, such as art, and sometimes even take the recess time from the children’s daily timetable. Students can also suffer because many subjects that are not paid attention to help children in building their moral and social learning. At the same time, standardized tests tend to be biased against certain portions of the society, as some students are able to do well on them because of their social backgrounds. Children belonging to rich parents also benefit, as they are able to afford tuition and materials that have been designed to prepare them specifically to get good scores on standardized tests. Finally, it has been found that standardized tests measure superficial thinking more than active thinking. All of these reasons depict why standardized testing is wrong and that it should be replaced with other forms of testing that are more homogenized and work to test the students across relevant parameters.ReferencesDiorio, G. L. (2008). â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act of 2001†. Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from: http://ehis.ebscohost.com Henry, P. (2007). â€Å"The Case Against Standardized Testing.† Minnesota English Journal. 39-71. Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from: http://www.mcte.org/journal/mej07/3Henry.pdf Kearns, L. (2011). High stakes Standardized Testing and Marginalized Youth: an Examination of the Effects of on those who Fail. Canadian Journal of Education, 34(2). Kohn, A. (2000, September 27). â€Å"Standardized Testing and Its Victims.† Education Week. Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from: http://www.alfiekohn.org/teaching/edweek/staiv.htm Mefford, D. (2009, October 01). â€Å"Why Was No Child Left Behind a Failure?† EduBook. Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from: http://www.edubook.com/why-was-no-child-left-behind-a-failure/15467/ National Council on Disability. (2008). â€Å"The No Child Left Behind Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act,† Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from http://www.ncd.gov Rosengarten, D. (2002). â€Å"Standing up to standardized tests.† Dollars and Sense, 232: 6 Scholmerich, A., Leyendeker, B., & Citlak, B., Ulrike,C., Jakel,J., (2008). Assessment of Migrant and Minority Children. Journal of Psychology, 216 Se Queda, m. (2011, February). Biases in Standardized testing. Persephone Magazine retrieved October 26.2012 Smyth, T. S. (2008, January/February). Who is No Child Left Behind leaving behind? Clearing House, 81, (3). United States Department of Education. (2001). â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 for Elementary and Secondary Education,† Retrieved on November 7, 2012 from: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html Williams, B. (2005). â€Å"Standardized students: The problems with writing for tests instead of people.† Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 49, (2): 155.

Language and Composition Song Of Solomon

Song Of Solomon two significant minor characters BY Glossary In Toni Morrison book Song of Solomon, she Introduces characters that are significant in every situation then finds a way for them to help further develop the plot. The two characters that are the most interesting in the smallest way are First Corinthians and Empire State. These two are involved in very little dialogue and don't appear often in the first three chapters. They aren't faced with difficult challenges or help the main characters, which only questions of their existence.This not only sakes them Important but Interesting while their characteristics are hard to read. First Corinthians, sister of Milkman and Magdalene Dead and daughter of Ruth and Macon Dead is kind of first introduced to us in the first chapter when the author says â€Å"The others, who knew that the house was more prison than palace, and that the Dodge Sedan was for Sunday drives only, felt sorry for Ruth Foster and her dry Daughters and called h er son â€Å"deep. † Reading this makes the author think – what Is wrong with the daughters? Is there something wrong with them or are they Just very observant and say very little?Corinthians isn't really mentioned again until chapter 2 where we get to see her interact with her family. During the car ride the author shows us through dialogue and other suggestive actions that Corinthians might not really like her family. â€Å"And that lawyer- what's his name? † Ruth looked around at Corinthians, who Ignored her. Why would Corinthians Ignore her mother? Did her mother do something wrong to her? In this chapter I think the author is trying to tell us that Corinthians does not really like her mother but likes her father or maybe she does not really like her father Just fears him enough to respect him.This is shown when Toni Morrison writes † She owns that place, Corinthians,† Ruth said. † I don't care what she owns. I care about what she is. Daddy ? † Corinthians leaned toward her father for confirmation. In that little scene one might say Corinthians Is halting at something but what? During the rest of the car ride Corinthians only tries to make conversation with her father. Empire State Is a very minute character in the first three chapters of the book. Even though he says nothing he comes as one who keeps to himself and could be hiding something. He's presented somewhat like a criminal.He is first introduced to us when Milkman goes looking for Guitar. Toni Morrison says â€Å"All but Empire State, who stood, broom In hand and drop-lipped, with the expression of a very Intelligent ten- year-old. † Why does he not argue about the topic with the others? Is it that he does not care? Maybe it's the fact that he is taking in everything that everyone is saying and using to decide what his next move is. He might be a criminal but nobody would ever guess that because he keeps to himself and acts like he's mute. Way tha t would makes them seem quite influential.We can use the dialogue and behavior of the characters to infer that they play a big role in the plot and might actually help the main character out in the end. Corinthians seems like she knows something nobody else knows, her tone is as if she is trying to tell us something. The way Toni Morrison presents her tells us that Milkman is going to need to find out something, something that could help him move on in the story. Empire State is someone that might be hiding who he really is or hiding something very important that could help Milkman sort out his thoughts about his family and the town in general.

world population essays

world population essays In today's ever changing world society, population seems to be a big problem sneaking upon us and therefor leads into the question, should world population be controlled? This question can really only be answered in one of two ways. It can either be answered with a yes or no because when you are talking about a major issue as this there is no in-between. If the answer were no it could have something to do with controlling population also means human rights are being violated. However if the answer was yes, a different point of view may be looked at. The position of all society, that if nothing is done this will result in a increase in pollution, and poverty also a decline in resources will result with an increase in population. Theoretically world population has to be controlled at some point in time however by controlling the population that will violate human rights and also wouldn't be good for developing countries. People should have a say in how they intend to live there life before a government steps in and puts limits on their ambitions before they get started. Some families (e.g.. farmers) need to have more children than others (e.g.. city dwellers) just to make a decent living for himself and family, where a city person doesn't need the amount of children to become successful. Also some cultures in developing countries need to have more than a couple children because health care isn't as good as the health care in developed countries resulting in half or three quarters of their children dying due to some type of illness before they become an adult, resulting in a type or controlled population. Another reason why there shouldn't be a controlled population is that some developing countries have way more resources that they know what to do with and therefore need more people to harvest the resources to reach a optimum populat ...

Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Be a Teacher

Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Be a Teacher SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have a goal of becoming a K-12 teacher, there are a number of ways to become licensed. Depending on where and what you want to teach, you can pursue a degree from an approved teacher education program or a means of alternative certification. In this article, we’ll cover how and where you can get a teaching degree, as well as which type of certification is best for your situation. Do You Need a Teaching Degree to Become a Teacher? Bottom line: do you need a teaching degree to become a teacher? Well, it’s complicated. Speaking from personal experience, I’m a licensed teacher in the state of Tennessee with endorsements in three subject areas. However, I never got a teaching degree; I received an alternative license through Teach for America. What you need to become a teacher will be dependent on the state you want to teach in and what you want to teach. Some states will allow alternative certifications; some will not. Some will require specialized coursework if you want to teach certain subjects (e.g., upper grades math); some will not. You can find information on your state’s requirements by visiting your state’s department of education website. How to Get a Teaching License If you want to become a teacher at a public school in the United States, you need to obtain a teacher’s license. Each of the 50 states has its own process and requirements for obtaining a teacher’s license. Most states require that you complete some sort of teacher training program (e.g., obtaining a bachelor’s degree in education) and pass standardized tests that prove your mastery of the content you’re teaching. You might also need to have supervised teaching experience, such as working for a year as a student-teacher. Once you obtain your teacher’s license, you’ll likely need to keep your license in good standing by participating in continuing education programs or taking other tests. Types of Teaching Degrees There are a number of different types of teaching degrees. Depending on what you want to teach, you might choose to pursue one of these paths. Associate’s Teaching Degree An associate’s teaching degree is one that you get by completing your associate’s program. An associate’s program usually takes two years and you can complete it at a community college. If you receive an associate’s degree in education, you probably won’t be able to be a full, lead classroom teacher. The vast majority of states require at least a bachelor’s degree for you to be the head teacher. Associate’s degrees qualify you to work as an assistant teacher or to work in pre-K. You’ll take classes on basic principles of education and pedagogy. You might complete an internship in a school, but probably won’t do a full student-teaching semester, as associate’s degree programs are already quite short. Bachelor’s Teaching Degree A bachelor’s teaching degree requires you to complete a four or five year program at a traditional college or university. In a four-year program, you’ll take classes on basic principles of education and pedagogy. You’ll likely also choose to specialize in a specific teaching area, like elementary or high school education. If you decide to be an elementary school teacher, you’ll take more classes on foundational learning objectives. If you decide to be a middle or high school grades teacher, you’ll take classes on how to teach specific subject areas. Most bachelor’s programs require you to do at least one semester of student teaching, if not a full year. They’ll also prepare you to take teacher licensing exams, like the Praxis exams. In most states, obtaining a four-year bachelor’s teaching degree will qualify you to be an apprentice teacher leading your own classroom. Master’s Teaching Degree A master’s teaching degree gives you more specialized training in your field. Most master’s programs are one or two years long. Obtaining a master’s degree can open you to more options in your teaching career. Some teaching fields, like special education, require more training in certain states. Most school districts also offer higher salary levels for teachers with master’s degrees. As part of your master’s degree program, you’ll likely have to do field work. This field work will be different than regular student teaching. You might be conducting research for a capstone project or observing specific programs. Obtaining a master’s degree will qualify you to be a lead teacher in your subject area. Alternative Paths to Teaching If you don’t have a college degree in teaching, you might still be able to be a K-12 teacher. Here are some alternative paths to teaching. Working at a Non-Traditional School If you want to be a teacher but don’t have a teaching degree, you might be able to work at a non-traditional school. While public schools managed by state and local departments of education have strict licensing requirements, schools that manage themselves set their own requirements for hiring teachers. Charter schools and private schools, for instance, often allow candidates with certain skills or experiences to become teachers, even without teaching experience. For instance, if you worked as a biology researcher, you might be allowed to become a science teacher, even if you don’t have any teaching experience. Going Through an Alternative Certification Program Alternative certification programs like Teach for America provide candidates with a nontraditional path to become a teacher. These certification programs work with specific school districts to become a licensing body, just like a college or university. Alternative certification programs have their own requirements and you’ll have to apply to be accepted. Depending on where you are and what program you’re in, you’ll need to complete different types of training. Teach for America, for instance, requires its corps members to complete an intensive summer program. Alternative certification programs work with school districts to help you obtain your license by fulfilling their requirements. Obtaining Subject Matter Expertise Depending on your state and what you’d like to teach, you might be able to get a teaching license by demonstrating subject matter expertise. This path to your teacher’s license is typically for people who want to teach upper-level subjects, like AP biology or calculus. You can demonstrate subject matter expertise through a combination of work experience and education. You’ll need to research your district’s requirements to see if this path is an option for where you want to teach. Teaching Degrees: The Bottom Line The type of teaching degree you’ll need depends on where and what you want to teach. Each state has its own requirements. You can pursue a teaching degree through a traditional program, like a bachelor’s degree at a college or university, or through an alternative means of certification. What’s Next? Getting ready to take the GED?Read our complete guide on GEDs for everything you need to know about this important exam. If you're hoping to attend college but are unsure howto begin the search process, check out this step by step guide for doing college research. If you're looking to get a teaching degree, you may choose to attend community college for a year or two and then transfer to a four-year college. Read our complete guide to transferring colleges to learn more about this process.

Written and Unwritten Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Written and Unwritten Constitution - Essay Example This distinction between written and unwritten constitutions has led to the establishment of a far more important classification of written and unwritten constitutions. The idea of permanency is closely associated with the concept of constitution so much so that stability is considered to be one of its main attributes. Written constitutions are considered to be more permanent and, therefore, more written, because, generally speaking, they cannot be amended except by a special process or by means of special machinery. Unwritten constitutions, on the other hand, are deemed to be unwritten because they can be amended or altered by the ordinary process of legislation. It should, however, be noted that the distinction between written and unwritten constitutions does not necessarily depend on the distinction between written and unwritten constitutions. A written constitution may be as unwritten as an unwritten constitution. A typical instance is furnished by the Italian Constitution of 184 8 which, according to the generally accepted view, could be amended by the ordinary process of legislation. (Smith, 2001, 80) The distinction between written and unwritten constitutions was pointed out for the first time by Bryce, and has now become a fundamental concept of constitutional law and practice.

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country Essay

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country - Essay Example This paper illustrates that businesses might choose to obey the rules that regulate pollution or risk the chance of being penalized for not obeying the pollution rules. Considering the financial requirement of the penalty in comparison to fixing the problem, most businesses would rather pay the ‘smaller’ penalty, than fix the problem. This is usually exacerbated by the fact that majority of most environmental problems are not addressed by the government. The existing regulations are neither implemented fully nor the penalties punitive enough. For instance, an American Company established in an African country would find it easy to pay fines imposed on them as the exchange rate favors them. Equally, the cost of ‘fixing’ the problem, such as moving a factory from a populated mining area is too high compared to the fine imposed on the same. Thirdly, businesses in the third world find it easy to pollute because their ‘home’ environment is not affect ed. This is usually the case chiefly because the existing regulations and repercussions are inferior to those in their ‘home’ country. The third world governments are also to blame for the increase in such activities because with poorly implemented rules and regulations, the majority of authorities are easily compromised can accept bribes. Some companies bent on polluting the environment and failing to take responsibility opts to entice the local authorities through bribery and ‘sweet’ deals that they cannot refuse. As a result, the regulations are imposed unfairly; hence exposing the country to ultimate disintegration. Third World countries (also known as the least developed countries), in addition to their poor economic conditions also suffer from the effects of extremely poor environmental conditions. As governments strive to address the most basic of their fundamental needs (food, clean water, and healthcare), pollution and other countless environmental problems are neglected; with pollution primarily remaining unrestricted.

Case Discussions Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Discussions - Statistics Project Example Although Primus has excess capacity and is able to spare enough recourses for the job without closing other businesses and hiring additional staff means that the opportunity cost of Primus is zero Qualitative Factors that should be considered before making a decision on the job are The financial stability of the firm, these determine whether the firm will adopt a decision and remain financially stable. Consumers the target group in firms output, competitors this is the same firms in the market that produce the same product, this helps the firm determine its branding; and marketing techniques. Optimum profit and a breakeven point of the firm in order to reduce unnecessary losses (Nahmias, & Olsen, 2015). Case 2 a) The firm should identify its key the operations and quantify it in terms cost and time. Average time and cost of production of a product should be reflected in the profit of a particular product. The demand for the products in the market also should be taken into consideration as far as the profit and production are concerned. It is ideal for the company to identify less profitable and least demanded products them in the market and scrub in order to increase workforce per unit of production. This will lead to increased supply to counteract the demand in the market. The company should establish a way of minimizing the defectives as a way of making production effective minimizing time, labor, and cost incurred in the production of defective products; this will optimize the output of the products.

Impact of PSD2 on the Banking and Payment Industry

Impact of PSD2 on the Banking and Payment Industry Critically evaluate PSD2[1] and its potential impact upon the payments industry, the Banks and the UK customer. Is PSD2 likely to achieve its aims? PSD2 is the second payment directive that came into force in January 2016, as a fundamental piece of payments legislation within Europe, and the first European Law to affect sterling payments.ÂÂ   It is the artefact of an appraisal of the inventive of Payment Services Directive, which requires PSPs (payment service providers) to make significant number of changes to existing operations. On October 8, 2015, the European Parliament received the changed order on Payment Services (PSD2). It requires Europes banks to offer TTP more prominent access to client information and instalment foundation, and gives banks until 2018 to follow its mandates. Depending on how banks react, the new order can be either an impetus for kicking off the advancement of important new plans of action or a risk that will generate genuine focused difficulties. The Directive entails that all Members states contrivance these guidelines as a state law by the year 2018 on the 13th of January. The European Commission used determination to regularly integrate appraisal targets into the Directives, to ensure that the directions endure to be for the specific aim. With the reception of the Payment Services Directive (PSD2), an irreversible move to open managing an account in Europe has turned out to be unavoidable. Europes banks cant bear to sit tight for the authority PSD2 execution date in 2018 to define a key reaction. The primary charge services Directive (PSD) was carried out in the United Kingdom through the bills services guidelines in 2009. It turned into designed to establish a European wide felony framework for price offerings by using placing the data requirements and the respective rights and obligations of price service customers and vendors. It also introduced a new class of PSP, specifically, charge establishments, example: providers of price offerings unconnected to the taking of deposits or the issuing of digital cash, with the aid of laying down the authorisation necessities. European Directives set a EU wide guidelines on market practice, which all the Member States are required to put into effect a rule modifications by a certain date (the transposition cut-off date). In the United Kingdom, the rules are normally carried out by means of Statutory units and from time to time, through Parliamentary Acts. In 2012, the European Commission revised the Payments Services Directives and found that, the legislation had obligated several benefits. Such benefits included a prime enabling of market entrance and, an upsurge in competition for structured payment institutions. The Payment Services Directives provided the groundwork for the effective execution for the SEPA (the Single Euro Payments Area), which went on to greatly enhance the economies. The point of open banking in Europe has been set, which provides standardised access to customer data and banking set-up. The fences for access to third party providers and financial technology companies, are lowered due to the Payments Services Directive by motivating the growth of innovative corporate models and an extensive variety of novel banking amenities. This allows the Payments Services Directive to be a key substance of the commotion and tactical restitution in the banking economies within Europe. The trades within Europe have underway started to hold the varieties of facilities, as well as the corporations that will likely substitute the Payment Services Directive (PSD2). A PwC Strategy consider on PSD2, directed in the primary quarter of 2016, recommends that 88 percent of buyers utilise TTP for online instalments, which demonstrates that there is an expansive, prepared base of clients for other advanced managing an account administrations. All things considered, the gene ral reaction of Europes financiers to Payment Service Directive is one of instability. Although 68 percent of brokers dread that PSD2 will make them lose control of the customer interface, large portions of them stay uncertain how to react to the new order. Subsequently, they are embracing a cautious, keep a watch out position that is hazard disinclined. Interestingly, there are a couple banks and more TTP, that are grasping the potential outcomes of open managing an account also, seeking after methodologies went for winning a main part in the future. Third Party Providers is viewed as a huge change brought by PSD2. It in a general sense changes our association with the bank. This is the first run through keeps money with their client assent will permit TTP access to accounts. By permitting access to accounts, PSD2 makes two noteworthy parts for TTP to play. The European Parliament embraced PSD2 to make it less demanding, quicker, and less costly for customers to pay for products and enterprises, by advancing advancement improving instalment security, and institutionalising instalment frameworks crosswise over Europe. The Payment Services Directive utilises three instruments to accomplish this. The First is, it extends the administrative domain of the European Union to incorporate new sorts of suppliers, for example, instalment start and record data administrations. The Second is, it forces restrictions on exchange charges and stricter guidelines on discounts to lower exchange costs for shoppers. And lastly, the most troublesome that requires European banks to open their instalment foundation and client information to TTP of money related administrations. Imbursement start administration will give another option to card expenses, by moving cash from payer records to traders specifically. This will surely hit card organisation incomes, at any rate in Europe. Even though the specialised subtle elements of the Payment Services Directive have not been completely indicated yet, banks will undoubtedly need to utilise application programming interfaces, such as the Advance Passenger Information System (APIs). These institutionalised interfaces are intense facilitators and drivers of computerised businesses has passed their utilisation in the trading of information, APIs permit organisations to receive a secluded approach for rapidly and cost-successfully making and scaling new organisations. Therefore, the pace of API advancement and utilise is quickening in various enterprises. An example will be Uber for instance, rapidly developed from a little start up to a worldwide organisation by incorporating accomplice abilities by means of APIs. It utilises the Google Maps API to find clients and track drivers, Googles Cloud Messaging API for texting, and PayPals Braintree API for instalment. Notwithstanding utilising APIs, Uber additionally has built up its own API and gave it to different organisations to augment the span of its administrations. For example, Openable, the online reservation organises joins Ubers API in its application to permit clients to orchestrate go to and from eateries when they reserve a spot. Organisations, for example, Amazon, eBay, Facebook, Salesforce, and Twitter additionally have effectively utilised APIs to reinforce their capacities and fabricate their organisations. Presently, European banks must open their information and framework to satisfy administrative necessities. Even though the pronounced concentration of PSD2 is on instalments and access to records, its consequences reach out a long way past that restricted zone. Notwithstanding utilising APIs to accomplish compliance. Europes banks and TTP will have the capacity to utilise them significantly more deliberately. They could add outsider abilities to their centre business offerings through APIs, along these lines making and testing new models and ideas quicker and driving down their cost of development. They could support their cross-offering endeavours and develop their venture into new markets by giving their APIs to TTP. Whats more, they could utilise the shopper conduct and inclination information that collect from these exercises to build up the bits of knowledge expected to make extra new purchaser items and administrations. How much traders can profit by this abnormal state of trust in their instalment administrations will be a vital figure deciding the aggressive danger they posture to banks. On the off chance that they can join high trust levels with exclusive purchaser conduct and inclination information, traders could make a strong establishment for growing past instalments into different administrations, for example, account checking and individual money related administration, that banks have conventionally marketed. The control of the Payment Services Directive has been envisioned as problematic. On one hand, it prepared for new contestant in a range which for quite a long time worked in close fences. Then again it challenges places of existent players by empowering straightforwardness. There were uncommon open doors for new companies, however the greater part of that is going to change as regardless of its disturbance, for those of us in the UK the entire PSD2 brings up new issues about its pertinence after Brexit. For those organisations who stay inside the EU, they will keep on receiving the advantages of instalment information sharing through the mix of PSD2 and SEPA. UK based FinTech organisations outside the European Union might be enticed to migrate into the European Union. An Account Information Service which is also known as AIS, is characterised in Article 4(16) as an online service to provide consolidated information on one or more payment accounts held by the payment service user with either another payment service provider or with more than one payment service provider. PSD2 presents the Account Information Service Providers, AIPs whom are regularly alluded to as TTP, who are permitted to give an accumulated perspective of the client(s) records. The PSD2 content makes it clear that clients have a privilege to utilise PIS and AIS where that beneath PSD2, this information cannot be given out and such information can only be done, with the full consent from the client. That implies faster, more straightforward administrations, access to cash and computerised applications, which gives combined perspectives of accounts and in addition more oversee assets. For instance, if you have accounts in numerous Banks, you regularly have admittance to accounts through every Bank stage, the record data administrations API urge TTP to give a merged perspective of all the accounts. It is discernible that PSD2 wont permit banks to separate diversely to payments started utilising TTP, compared to that of the one started through their own system. It is evident that such access of records and payment start opportunity fuelled development, by permitting innovation new businesses to work into a region which was not accessible before. This implies a level playing field for new participant and occupant cultivates rivalry, development, and controlled situations. These progressions mirror the market development in E-Commerce business exercises and utilisation of web and portable payments and in addition, the ascent of new mechanical improvements and a pattern towards clients having associations with different record suppliers. Advance clarity with regards to the degree, is relied upon to develop amid the transposition stage. Notwithstanding, commonly, a dealer may incorporate a start to benefit given by a PISP into its online checkout procedure, to empower it to offer the choice of online acknowledge exchanges as another option to use another than to pay with Debit or Credit card. PIS could likewise be offered nearby AIS to move cash starting with one paying account then onto the next, considering the data accumulated. AIS permit purchasers and organisations to acquire a merged perspective of their records and to utilise instruments to investigate their exchanges and going through examples with at least one PSPs. Managers are very much aware of security concerns raised because of incorporation of TTP in the region which was beforehand accessible just to bank-particular channels. The Payment Service Directive has considered how important this matter is, and has set down new security necessities for other methods and ways to start payments and ease of convenience. PSD2 brings the idea of SCA, which is a more secure verification instrument that goes past two element validation, with the first validation being that, something a client knows, such as, a password or a memorable answer to a security question. The second validation is that, is prove ownership by stating a memorable passcode number(s). SCA presents a third measurement alluded as inherence recognises that client(s), can have access the option of fingerprints or voice biometrics. The exchange is an expression that rose out of the first PSD, which alludes to the exchanges where payers or beneficiaries are based outside of the European Union. In the first PSD, the exchanges were out of degree. It was the main European Union monetary forms that were initially focused on. PSD2 expanded the extent of the first PSD. Exchanges in any coin where both the payers and beneficiaries pay specialist cooperation that is situated in the European Union go under PSD2 transmit. Exchanges in any money where either the PSP or the beneficiarys PSP is situated in the European Union, regardless of different PSPs situated outside the European Union, go under the PSD2 dispatch. PSD2 presented more positive discount open doors for direct charge. Sitting aside the definitive expected and hopeful result of PSD2, there are absolutely some critical breakthroughs still to be accomplished if the venture is to stay on focus for conveyance in mid 2018. While the banks have regularly commenced consistence extends, and have gained ground to more prominent or lesser degrees, they are sitting tight for some basic additional data from the European Banking Authority, to which the Commission has appointed duty regarding the production of the Regulatory Technical Standards required for PSD2 usage. These specialized guidelines will go some approach to characterizing how banks will be required to give access to record data to outsiders, for instance by means of an API. They will likewise cover how the solid (two element) validation PSD2 presents, to expand the security of electronic payments, should be actualised. The specialised principles wont be accessible in draft shape for conference until the end of 2016, and they wont be finished for y ear and a half after that, which implies that associations need to arrange their systems in view of the data as of now accessible, and arrangements considering set up specialised models ought to give adaptability if any change is required when the specialised rules are settled. Work Cited https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/12833/does-psd2-still-matter-to-uk-after-brexit https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Catalyst-or-threat.pdf http://www.paymentsuk.org.uk/sites/default/files/PSD2%20report%20June%202016.pdf https://www.ingwb.com/media/1609662/preparing-for-psd2_vroegh.pdf [1] DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/EC